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<p>In this work, we present the design and numerical demonstration of a graphene-based supercell metasurface that simultaneously supports both symmetry-protected and accidental bound states in the continuum (BICs). Through finite-element method simulations, we show that high-Q quasi-BIC resonances can be realized in a lithographically feasible geometry. These resonances can be selectively accessed either by breaking the local in-plane parity, thereby perturbing the symmetry protection, or by carefully tuning structural parameters while preserving the global symmetry of the metasurface. The graphene–plasmonic architecture provides an additional degree of freedom, as its optical response is dynamically reconfigurable through modulation of the graphene chemical potential. This tunability, combined with strong near-field enhancement, makes the platform highly attractive for practical mid-infrared applications. To highlight its functionality, we propose a refractive-index sensor that leverages the sharp quasi-BIC resonances to achieve a remarkable sensitivity of 22.234&#xa0;μm/RIU, along with a theoretical limit of detection as low as 0.00245 RIU. Such performance demonstrates the potential of this structure for ultra-sensitive biochemical and environmental sensing. Beyond sensing, the coexistence of different classes of BICs in a reconfigurable platform offers new opportunities for compact and high-performance photonic devices in modulation, nonlinear optics, and enhanced light–matter interactions within the mid-IR spectrum.</p>

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Super cell bound states in the continuum on graphene-based metasurfaces for high sensitivity RI sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Shuvajit Roy,
  • Pourabi Sengupta

摘要

In this work, we present the design and numerical demonstration of a graphene-based supercell metasurface that simultaneously supports both symmetry-protected and accidental bound states in the continuum (BICs). Through finite-element method simulations, we show that high-Q quasi-BIC resonances can be realized in a lithographically feasible geometry. These resonances can be selectively accessed either by breaking the local in-plane parity, thereby perturbing the symmetry protection, or by carefully tuning structural parameters while preserving the global symmetry of the metasurface. The graphene–plasmonic architecture provides an additional degree of freedom, as its optical response is dynamically reconfigurable through modulation of the graphene chemical potential. This tunability, combined with strong near-field enhancement, makes the platform highly attractive for practical mid-infrared applications. To highlight its functionality, we propose a refractive-index sensor that leverages the sharp quasi-BIC resonances to achieve a remarkable sensitivity of 22.234 μm/RIU, along with a theoretical limit of detection as low as 0.00245 RIU. Such performance demonstrates the potential of this structure for ultra-sensitive biochemical and environmental sensing. Beyond sensing, the coexistence of different classes of BICs in a reconfigurable platform offers new opportunities for compact and high-performance photonic devices in modulation, nonlinear optics, and enhanced light–matter interactions within the mid-IR spectrum.