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<p>This paper presents a graphene-based metamaterial biosensor designed for the detection of hemoglobin, utilizing finite element method (FEM) simulations. The proposed structure achieves a near-perfect absorption of 99.99% at a resonant frequency of 3.165 THz. Graphene’s inherent tunability is exploited to investigate the influence of chemical potential and relaxation time to optimize sensor performance. The resonance frequency shifts with changes in the surrounding medium refractive index (RI), enabling sensitive hemoglobin detection. In the presence of hemoglobin, the resonance shifts between 2.79 and 2.85 THz to determine its concentration. The biosensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 750&#xa0;GHz/RIU, a quality factor of 35.16, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 8.33 RIU⁻¹, demonstrating strong potential for biomedical sensing applications.</p>

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Graphene-based metamaterial biosensor for highly sensitive terahertz detection of hemoglobin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Tahar Aliouar,
  • Fatima Djerfaf,
  • Fathi Bendelala,
  • Nedjmeddine Mellak,
  • Hamza Baroud

摘要

This paper presents a graphene-based metamaterial biosensor designed for the detection of hemoglobin, utilizing finite element method (FEM) simulations. The proposed structure achieves a near-perfect absorption of 99.99% at a resonant frequency of 3.165 THz. Graphene’s inherent tunability is exploited to investigate the influence of chemical potential and relaxation time to optimize sensor performance. The resonance frequency shifts with changes in the surrounding medium refractive index (RI), enabling sensitive hemoglobin detection. In the presence of hemoglobin, the resonance shifts between 2.79 and 2.85 THz to determine its concentration. The biosensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 750 GHz/RIU, a quality factor of 35.16, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 8.33 RIU⁻¹, demonstrating strong potential for biomedical sensing applications.