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<p>This study probes the structural, surface morphology, dielectric, photocatalytic, optical, magnetic and antibacterial properties of gadolinium-doped ZnO nanostructures synthesized using the sol–gel dip-coating route. In this article, the goal was to examine properties of ZnO nanostructures that were produced using a toxic-free wet chemical deposition method with Gd doping concentration manipulation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the functional groups present in the prepared samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) Spectra revealed the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. A slight shift in crystallite size was seen after adding Gd dopant to ZnO. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs of all prepared Gd-ZnO nanostructures confirmed their irregular and spherical-like morphology to be used as toxic gas sensors. The results of UV–VIS–NIR spectrophotometer exhibited an increment in the band gap of ZnO from 3.65 to 3.80&#xa0;eV as the content of Gd dopant increased. Photocatalysis is a branch of electrochemistry that emerged from electron transfer reactions. Photo catalysts having 3 wt. % Gd showed the highest photo activity. The measured dielectric values of Gd-doped ZnO were considered to be the result of gadolinium doping. Gd -ZnO was found to be an antibacterial agent against all tested bacteria. These prepared nanostructures were recommended for pollutant degradation, microbial elimination and optoelectronic appliances.</p>

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Boosting the antimicrobial, dielectric, magnetic, optical and photocatalytic activities of ZnO nanostructures by regulating Gd doping contents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Maryam Anwar,
  • Zohra Nazir Kayani,
  • Hina Nazli

摘要

This study probes the structural, surface morphology, dielectric, photocatalytic, optical, magnetic and antibacterial properties of gadolinium-doped ZnO nanostructures synthesized using the sol–gel dip-coating route. In this article, the goal was to examine properties of ZnO nanostructures that were produced using a toxic-free wet chemical deposition method with Gd doping concentration manipulation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the functional groups present in the prepared samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) Spectra revealed the presence of a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO. A slight shift in crystallite size was seen after adding Gd dopant to ZnO. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrographs of all prepared Gd-ZnO nanostructures confirmed their irregular and spherical-like morphology to be used as toxic gas sensors. The results of UV–VIS–NIR spectrophotometer exhibited an increment in the band gap of ZnO from 3.65 to 3.80 eV as the content of Gd dopant increased. Photocatalysis is a branch of electrochemistry that emerged from electron transfer reactions. Photo catalysts having 3 wt. % Gd showed the highest photo activity. The measured dielectric values of Gd-doped ZnO were considered to be the result of gadolinium doping. Gd -ZnO was found to be an antibacterial agent against all tested bacteria. These prepared nanostructures were recommended for pollutant degradation, microbial elimination and optoelectronic appliances.