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<p>Significant research interest has been directed toward terahertz (THz) metamaterials, motivated by their prospective applications in the domains of biosensing and environmental detection. Among their most beneficial properties are the capabilities for speedy and non-destructive analysis. This study demonstrates a terahertz plasmonic sensor for monitoring environmental refractive index. The structure is designed with three key layers: a top gold film etched with two elliptical cross-shaped resonators, a middle silica insulator, and a continuous gold base layer. <i>The novelty of this architecture lies in the specific symmetry of the crossed elliptical resonators</i>,<i> which suppresses radiative losses to achieve an exceptionally high-Q resonance—approximately eight times superior to traditional THz metamaterial sensors</i>. We employed a 3D finite element model in COMSOL Multiphysics<sup>®</sup> to simulate the absorption spectra and analyze the field distribution. Notably, the model demonstrates high-performance resonance, with a peak absorption of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(88\%\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> occurring at 3.684 THz. The resonance condition, which is critical for sensing, is facilitated by the coexistence of electric and magnetic dipole responses, and the performance is subsequently determined by the associated localized field distribution. To verify the underlying physical mechanism, the geometrical parameters of the sensor were systematically varied, and the corresponding absorption performance was analyzed. The design also achieves high-performance refractive index sensing with a sensitivity of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2.02\text{T}\text{H}\text{z}/\text{R}\text{I}\text{U}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, a <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text{Q}-\text{f}\text{a}\text{c}\text{t}\text{o}\text{r}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 584.01, and a <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text{F}\text{O}\text{M}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 321.14. These findings indicate that the presented sensor holds considerable promise for future deployment in biomedical detection and the monitoring of essential metrics within environmental applications.</p>

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Design and investigation of a plasmonic metamaterial terahertz sensor for refractive index sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Zeinelabedin A. Mohamed

摘要

Significant research interest has been directed toward terahertz (THz) metamaterials, motivated by their prospective applications in the domains of biosensing and environmental detection. Among their most beneficial properties are the capabilities for speedy and non-destructive analysis. This study demonstrates a terahertz plasmonic sensor for monitoring environmental refractive index. The structure is designed with three key layers: a top gold film etched with two elliptical cross-shaped resonators, a middle silica insulator, and a continuous gold base layer. The novelty of this architecture lies in the specific symmetry of the crossed elliptical resonators, which suppresses radiative losses to achieve an exceptionally high-Q resonance—approximately eight times superior to traditional THz metamaterial sensors. We employed a 3D finite element model in COMSOL Multiphysics® to simulate the absorption spectra and analyze the field distribution. Notably, the model demonstrates high-performance resonance, with a peak absorption of \(88\%\) occurring at 3.684 THz. The resonance condition, which is critical for sensing, is facilitated by the coexistence of electric and magnetic dipole responses, and the performance is subsequently determined by the associated localized field distribution. To verify the underlying physical mechanism, the geometrical parameters of the sensor were systematically varied, and the corresponding absorption performance was analyzed. The design also achieves high-performance refractive index sensing with a sensitivity of \(2.02\text{T}\text{H}\text{z}/\text{R}\text{I}\text{U}\) , a \(\text{Q}-\text{f}\text{a}\text{c}\text{t}\text{o}\text{r}\) of 584.01, and a \(\text{F}\text{O}\text{M}\) of 321.14. These findings indicate that the presented sensor holds considerable promise for future deployment in biomedical detection and the monitoring of essential metrics within environmental applications.