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<p>Since its artificial synthesis, the adaptability of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) in solar energy conversion and environmental remediation has made it a promising photocatalyst. However, its practical applications are hindered by intrinsic limitations such as low surface area, rapid electron-hole recombination, and limited quantum efficiency. Rare-earth elements provide a useful technique to improve light harvesting and charge transfer under low-energy stimulation because of their distinct 4f electronic structure and upconversion luminescence. In this work, we successfully synthesize Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> heterojunctions rich in oxygen vacancies using a simple hydrothermal process. The introduction of oxygen vacancies modulates the charge-transfer pathway, accelerates carrier mobility, and improves electron–hole separation, thereby boosting CH<sub>4</sub> generation rates by 50.21-fold and 74.89-fold compared to pristine Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, respectively. The exceptional photocatalytic performance originates from three synergistic effects: Er³⁺induced upconversion luminescence converts low-energy near-infrared photons into visible emissions, enhancing solar light utilization; oxygen vacancies broaden light absorption and expedite carrier migration; and these vacancies act as active sites that facilitate CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption and activation. This study not only demonstrates a high-efficiency photocatalyst for solar-driven CO<sub>2</sub> reduction but also provides an innovative design paradigm for engineering g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based heterostructures with optimized charge dynamics and light management.</p>

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Construction of S-type heterostructure Er2O3/g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Qingsong Chen,
  • Daolei Wang,
  • Cheng Peng,
  • Jiang Wu,
  • Yuxi Liu,
  • Guochuan Pan,
  • Le Chen,
  • Huanan Wang,
  • Jili Wen,
  • Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei

摘要

Since its artificial synthesis, the adaptability of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in solar energy conversion and environmental remediation has made it a promising photocatalyst. However, its practical applications are hindered by intrinsic limitations such as low surface area, rapid electron-hole recombination, and limited quantum efficiency. Rare-earth elements provide a useful technique to improve light harvesting and charge transfer under low-energy stimulation because of their distinct 4f electronic structure and upconversion luminescence. In this work, we successfully synthesize Er2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunctions rich in oxygen vacancies using a simple hydrothermal process. The introduction of oxygen vacancies modulates the charge-transfer pathway, accelerates carrier mobility, and improves electron–hole separation, thereby boosting CH4 generation rates by 50.21-fold and 74.89-fold compared to pristine Er2O3 and g-C3N4, respectively. The exceptional photocatalytic performance originates from three synergistic effects: Er³⁺induced upconversion luminescence converts low-energy near-infrared photons into visible emissions, enhancing solar light utilization; oxygen vacancies broaden light absorption and expedite carrier migration; and these vacancies act as active sites that facilitate CO2 adsorption and activation. This study not only demonstrates a high-efficiency photocatalyst for solar-driven CO2 reduction but also provides an innovative design paradigm for engineering g-C3N4-based heterostructures with optimized charge dynamics and light management.