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<p>This work employs the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle to derive a mathematical expression describing the propagation of Whittaker–Gaussian beams (WGBs) through biological tissues. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate WGB behavior in turbulent biological media, examining how the average received intensity depends on source parameters and tissue type. The results indicate that the average and on-axis mean intensities of WGBs are highly sensitive to both biological tissue properties and beam parameters. Enhanced resistance to turbulence-induced fluctuations in mouse intestinal epithelium is observed for shorter wavelengths, larger beam waists and higher values of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mu\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This laser radiation is more resistant to the turbulence in this type of tissue and the variation observed in the beam profile during its penetration into the biological tissue, will help the diagnostics of the abnormalities such as cancer and tumor in a biological of liver tissue. These propagation characteristics are relevant to bio-optical imaging, as beam intensity stability directly influences illumination robustness and signal-to-noise ratio in systems such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). While quantitative imaging metrics such as spatial resolution and penetration depth are not explicitly evaluated, the findings provide a physical basis for identifying propagation conditions favorable to maintaining optical signal quality and for guiding future quantitative imaging-oriented studies.</p>

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Study of the propagation behavior of Whittaker–Gaussian beams in turbulent biological media

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • N. Nossir,
  • H. Benzehoua,
  • L. Dalil-Essakali,
  • A. Belafhal

摘要

This work employs the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle to derive a mathematical expression describing the propagation of Whittaker–Gaussian beams (WGBs) through biological tissues. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate WGB behavior in turbulent biological media, examining how the average received intensity depends on source parameters and tissue type. The results indicate that the average and on-axis mean intensities of WGBs are highly sensitive to both biological tissue properties and beam parameters. Enhanced resistance to turbulence-induced fluctuations in mouse intestinal epithelium is observed for shorter wavelengths, larger beam waists and higher values of \(\mu\) . This laser radiation is more resistant to the turbulence in this type of tissue and the variation observed in the beam profile during its penetration into the biological tissue, will help the diagnostics of the abnormalities such as cancer and tumor in a biological of liver tissue. These propagation characteristics are relevant to bio-optical imaging, as beam intensity stability directly influences illumination robustness and signal-to-noise ratio in systems such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). While quantitative imaging metrics such as spatial resolution and penetration depth are not explicitly evaluated, the findings provide a physical basis for identifying propagation conditions favorable to maintaining optical signal quality and for guiding future quantitative imaging-oriented studies.