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<p>This work presents an analytical model to optimize the efficiency of a mechanically stacked four-terminal (4-T) tandem solar cell composed of a (FAPbI<sub>3</sub>)<sub>1−x</sub>(MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>)<sub>x</sub> perovskite top cell and a Graphene/GaAs bottom cell. The perovskite absorber’s tunable bandgap, ranging from 1.52 to 2.31&#xa0;eV, enables effective spectral matching with the fixed 1.42&#xa0;eV bandgap of the GaAs subcell. The model incorporates experimentally validated optical and electrical parameters for subcells under AM1.5G illumination, allowing accurate modeling of the tandem device’s J–V characteristics. By systematically optimizing the absorber thickness and bandgap composition, the study demonstrates that a planar tandem configuration with top and bottom absorber thicknesses of 1&#xa0;μm and 2&#xa0;μm respectively can achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.3%. Implementing a textured surface on the top cell significantly enhances light trapping and reduces reflection losses, further increasing the PCE to 31.9%. This surface texturing improves photon absorption in the perovskite layer while maintaining sufficient light transmission to the bottom cell. The results identify an optimal top-cell bandgap of approximately 2.31&#xa0;eV, balancing photon harvesting and transmission for maximal tandem efficiency. This work uniquely combines bandgap tuning, thickness optimization, and surface texturing in a 4-T perovskite/Graphene/GaAs tandem structure, offering practical insights for next-generation solar cell design.</p>

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Analytical modeling and optimization of light trapping in textured four-terminal (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x/graphene/GaAs tandem solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Farzaneh Shahnooshi,
  • Ali A. Orouji

摘要

This work presents an analytical model to optimize the efficiency of a mechanically stacked four-terminal (4-T) tandem solar cell composed of a (FAPbI3)1−x(MAPbBr3)x perovskite top cell and a Graphene/GaAs bottom cell. The perovskite absorber’s tunable bandgap, ranging from 1.52 to 2.31 eV, enables effective spectral matching with the fixed 1.42 eV bandgap of the GaAs subcell. The model incorporates experimentally validated optical and electrical parameters for subcells under AM1.5G illumination, allowing accurate modeling of the tandem device’s J–V characteristics. By systematically optimizing the absorber thickness and bandgap composition, the study demonstrates that a planar tandem configuration with top and bottom absorber thicknesses of 1 μm and 2 μm respectively can achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.3%. Implementing a textured surface on the top cell significantly enhances light trapping and reduces reflection losses, further increasing the PCE to 31.9%. This surface texturing improves photon absorption in the perovskite layer while maintaining sufficient light transmission to the bottom cell. The results identify an optimal top-cell bandgap of approximately 2.31 eV, balancing photon harvesting and transmission for maximal tandem efficiency. This work uniquely combines bandgap tuning, thickness optimization, and surface texturing in a 4-T perovskite/Graphene/GaAs tandem structure, offering practical insights for next-generation solar cell design.