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<p>Rapid advancements in 5G and the internet of things (IoT) have significantly increased global mobile network traffic as they require very high bandwidth. Consequently, there is growing interest in alternative communication technologies like visible light communication (VLC) that has a vast bandwidth in addition to the advantage of low implementation costs, and more secure system, since it achieves high immunity to electromagnetic interference, which is a very needed requirement in IoT. But despite all these advantages, VLC faces challenges like high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that results from the superposition of transmitted peaks of several subcarriers. PAPR is considered one of the high-priority issues, especially in the VLC systems, as we always aim to keep the LED working within its linear range to prevent LED damage or burn. So, This paper studied, simulated, and designed a proposed optical modulation scheme named precoding Flip-OFDM (PF-OFDM), to mitigate this issue in VLC systems by suggesting a PAPR precoding reduction scheme like discrete sine transform (DST), and discrete cosine transform (DCT), while evaluating the system BER. The proposed PF-OFDM substantially reduces PAPR without compromising the system BER performance as it requires energy per bit to noise ratio at BER=<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:{10}^{-4}\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>of 15, 19.2, 24, 29, and 34.4 dB at modulation orders of 16, 64, 256, 1024, and 4096-QAM, which is nearly the same as the traditional Flip-OFDM. Moreover, the PF-OFDM employing DST demonstrates substantial improvements by comparing it with FLIP-OFDM as it reduces the PAPR by approximately 3.25 dB, 2.96 dB, 2.73 dB, 2.85 dB, and 2.58 dB at modulation orders of 16, 64, 256, 512, and 1024-QAM, respectively. Moreover, a comparison between PF-OFDM and other state-of-the-art techniques in the literature is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.</p>

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Power efficient FLIP-OFDM using precoding PAPR reduction scheme for IoT VLC systems

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Sara M. Farid

摘要

Rapid advancements in 5G and the internet of things (IoT) have significantly increased global mobile network traffic as they require very high bandwidth. Consequently, there is growing interest in alternative communication technologies like visible light communication (VLC) that has a vast bandwidth in addition to the advantage of low implementation costs, and more secure system, since it achieves high immunity to electromagnetic interference, which is a very needed requirement in IoT. But despite all these advantages, VLC faces challenges like high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) that results from the superposition of transmitted peaks of several subcarriers. PAPR is considered one of the high-priority issues, especially in the VLC systems, as we always aim to keep the LED working within its linear range to prevent LED damage or burn. So, This paper studied, simulated, and designed a proposed optical modulation scheme named precoding Flip-OFDM (PF-OFDM), to mitigate this issue in VLC systems by suggesting a PAPR precoding reduction scheme like discrete sine transform (DST), and discrete cosine transform (DCT), while evaluating the system BER. The proposed PF-OFDM substantially reduces PAPR without compromising the system BER performance as it requires energy per bit to noise ratio at BER= \(\:{10}^{-4}\:\) of 15, 19.2, 24, 29, and 34.4 dB at modulation orders of 16, 64, 256, 1024, and 4096-QAM, which is nearly the same as the traditional Flip-OFDM. Moreover, the PF-OFDM employing DST demonstrates substantial improvements by comparing it with FLIP-OFDM as it reduces the PAPR by approximately 3.25 dB, 2.96 dB, 2.73 dB, 2.85 dB, and 2.58 dB at modulation orders of 16, 64, 256, 512, and 1024-QAM, respectively. Moreover, a comparison between PF-OFDM and other state-of-the-art techniques in the literature is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.