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<p>In this paper, we performed a detailed investigation on the evolution of a Double-half inverse Gaussian Hollow beam (DHIGHB) propagating through a gradient-index medium (GIM). The closed analytical expression for the DHIGHB in GIM was elaborated based on the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral formula. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the effects of the structural parameters of the incident DHIGHB and the gradient index parameter on the output beam evolution. The results show that the output beam exhibits a periodic evolution during propagation, with the self-focusing period increasing as the initial structure parameters increase. It is demonstrated that the self-repetitive behavior of the propagated can be controlled in the intensity and phase distributions beam by adjusting the waist size of the initial DHIGHB and the GIM parameter. These findings may be beneficial for applications of dark hollow beams in atomic trapping and fiber-optic communications.</p>

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Controllable self-focusing period of a dark hollow beam in a parabolic index medium

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • M. Lazrek,
  • M. Yaalou,
  • Z. Hricha,
  • A. Belafhal

摘要

In this paper, we performed a detailed investigation on the evolution of a Double-half inverse Gaussian Hollow beam (DHIGHB) propagating through a gradient-index medium (GIM). The closed analytical expression for the DHIGHB in GIM was elaborated based on the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral formula. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the effects of the structural parameters of the incident DHIGHB and the gradient index parameter on the output beam evolution. The results show that the output beam exhibits a periodic evolution during propagation, with the self-focusing period increasing as the initial structure parameters increase. It is demonstrated that the self-repetitive behavior of the propagated can be controlled in the intensity and phase distributions beam by adjusting the waist size of the initial DHIGHB and the GIM parameter. These findings may be beneficial for applications of dark hollow beams in atomic trapping and fiber-optic communications.