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<p>Quantum remote state preparation (QRSP) is an area of quantum communication where a sender transmits an arbitrary qubit—whose coefficients are predetermined—to a receiver. This process relies on entanglement and classical communication, eliminating the need to directly send the quantum state itself. In this research, three new schemes for controlled quantum remote state preparation are presented. All three proposed schemes use entanglement swapping to enhance security and allow destination changeability for each sender’s qubit. Additionally, in these schemes, there is no communication between users in either the quantum or classical channels. In the first protocol, there are three senders and three receivers. The objective of this scheme is to transmit three known qubits from the senders to the receivers, with the destination of each qubit not pre-determined. Throughout the protocol, each sender specifies the receiver to the controller, who then performs the necessary measurements to ensure the transmissions are feasible. The second protocol builds upon the initial one, extending the number of senders and receivers to an arbitrary value, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:n\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The third scheme is an extension of the first two, featuring <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:n\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> senders and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:n\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> receivers, with the added capability that each user can act as both a sender and a receiver, and their roles can change throughout the scheme. The correctness of the protocol is verified in Qiskit and is analyzed in noisy environment. The use of entanglement swapping and the lack of communication between users ensures that the communication is secure and private. The ability to dynamically change the roles of users and the destination of qubits ensures high security, flexibility, and scalability, opening up numerous possibilities in the rapidly evolving field of quantum technology.</p>

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General controlled quantum remote state preparation using entanglement swapping with destination changeability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Maryam Salim Ali,
  • Monireh Houshmand,
  • Mehrdad Taki

摘要

Quantum remote state preparation (QRSP) is an area of quantum communication where a sender transmits an arbitrary qubit—whose coefficients are predetermined—to a receiver. This process relies on entanglement and classical communication, eliminating the need to directly send the quantum state itself. In this research, three new schemes for controlled quantum remote state preparation are presented. All three proposed schemes use entanglement swapping to enhance security and allow destination changeability for each sender’s qubit. Additionally, in these schemes, there is no communication between users in either the quantum or classical channels. In the first protocol, there are three senders and three receivers. The objective of this scheme is to transmit three known qubits from the senders to the receivers, with the destination of each qubit not pre-determined. Throughout the protocol, each sender specifies the receiver to the controller, who then performs the necessary measurements to ensure the transmissions are feasible. The second protocol builds upon the initial one, extending the number of senders and receivers to an arbitrary value, \(\:n\) . The third scheme is an extension of the first two, featuring \(\:n\) senders and \(\:n\) receivers, with the added capability that each user can act as both a sender and a receiver, and their roles can change throughout the scheme. The correctness of the protocol is verified in Qiskit and is analyzed in noisy environment. The use of entanglement swapping and the lack of communication between users ensures that the communication is secure and private. The ability to dynamically change the roles of users and the destination of qubits ensures high security, flexibility, and scalability, opening up numerous possibilities in the rapidly evolving field of quantum technology.