Biocompatible and sustainable nanobiosensors: a comprehensive review of green nanotechnology in smart sensing
摘要
Nanobiosensors, which integrate nanotechnology with biological sensing elements, offer rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of a wide range of analytes. They are increasingly used in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring to support early detection, efficient resource Management, and sustainable practices. However, concerns about toxicity and environmental impact from conventional nanoparticle synthesis have led to the rise of green synthesis. This eco-friendly approach uses natural sources Like plant extracts, microbes, and biodegradable materials, reducing harmful byproducts and energy consumption. When combined with nanobiosensor technology, green synthesis enables the Development of biocompatible, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable sensors. This review explores various Nanobiosensor types and highlights the role of green synthesis in creating safer nanomaterials. These advancements support responsible consumption and contribute to achieving the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.