Theoretical investigation of hole transport and donor materials derived from anthracene with improved optoelectronic characteristics for perovskite and organic solar cell applications
摘要
This study advances the field of emerging photovoltaics by exploring creative engineering specifically designed for perovskite (PSC) and organic solar cells (OSCs). This work presents the theoretical design of eight anthracene-based derivatives (A3D1–A3D8) using a push-pull molecular engineering approach, in which various electron-accepting groups are introduced via thiophene π-bridges onto a planar anthracene core functionalized with triphenylamine side units. These derivatives are systematically evaluated to identify their suitability as either hole-transport materials for PSCs or donor materials for OSCs. The tailored derivatives exhibit moderate to narrow optical bandgaps (1.12–2.14 eV) and strong visible-light absorption, enabling complementary light harvesting that may support enhanced photocurrent generation when integrated with perovskite absorber layers. A3D5 stands out as a transport material, featuring a wide bandgap of 2.14 eV, a deep HOMO level (-5.30 eV), and a considerable theoretically predicted hole transport integral (th = 0.1522 eV), making it well-suited for efficient PSC applications. Among the designed derivatives, A3D3 exhibits a narrow bandgap (1.12 eV), strong absorption in the near-infrared region (λmax = 805 nm), a high dipole moment of 20.428 D in toluene, and the highest amount of charge transfer (ΔNmax = 3.568e), making it a promising donor material for OSCs. These properties contribute to enhanced photocurrent generation and a simulated power conversion efficiency of up to 20.64%, outperforming the reference material Spiro-OMeTAD. Overall, this research expands our knowledge of push-pull engineering for these tunable anthracene-based derivatives, offering a plethora of opportunities for effective use in perovskite and organic photovoltaics.