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<p>Free-space optical (FSO) communication faces turbulence-induced distortions due to atmospheric turbulence, causing beam wander, scintillation, and phase distortions that degrade signal integrity and increase Bit error rates (BER). To address these challenges, this work proposes the Turbulence-resilient multi-adaptive optical (TRMAO) method, integrating advanced adaptive techniques to enhance FSO performance under severe turbulence conditions. The TRMAO framework consists of three core components: adaptive modulation, wavefront correction, and dynamic equalization. Initially, the 4-level Pulse amplitude modulation with dynamic scaling (4-PAM-DS) adapts signal amplitude levels based on real-time channel conditions, mitigating signal fading and improving BER performance. The Dual-Plane multi-coherent adaptive optics (DPMCAO) compensates for phase distortions and polarization mismatches using multi-conjugate wavefront correction, significantly improving optical signal fidelity. To further enhance signal reception, Flexible aperture control (FAC) dynamically adjusts the receiver aperture size to counteract beam wander and optimize power collection. Additionally, Dynamic kalman-enhanced equalization (DKEE) applies a Kalman filter-based approach to suppress turbulence-induced multipath interference and enhance signal reconstruction. The proposed system is evaluated through extensive simulations, considering atmospheric turbulence models and additive noise effects. The TRMAO system demonstrates superior performance, achieving a BER of 10<sup>−6</sup> at −25 dBm received power, outperforming existing methods by over 60% in strong turbulence conditions. Throughput tests show a consistent 2.5 Gbps data rate at 25&#xa0;dB SNR, representing a 30% improvement over existing approaches. The adaptive optics system reduces beam divergence by 70%, while the dynamic equalizer cuts signal distortion by 40% in NMSE metrics. Field tests across 2–5&#xa0;km FSO links confirm reliable operation with less than 1.5&#xa0;ms latency under turbulence. These results validate TRMAO’s capability to ensure high-reliability long-range optical communication link availability even in varying turbulence conditions.</p>

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Turbulence-resilient multi-adaptive optical model for high-performance wireless transmission in FSO communication under varying turbulence environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • M. H. Anit Monisha,
  • M. R. Geetha,
  • M. R. Kavitha,
  • T. Rajesh

摘要

Free-space optical (FSO) communication faces turbulence-induced distortions due to atmospheric turbulence, causing beam wander, scintillation, and phase distortions that degrade signal integrity and increase Bit error rates (BER). To address these challenges, this work proposes the Turbulence-resilient multi-adaptive optical (TRMAO) method, integrating advanced adaptive techniques to enhance FSO performance under severe turbulence conditions. The TRMAO framework consists of three core components: adaptive modulation, wavefront correction, and dynamic equalization. Initially, the 4-level Pulse amplitude modulation with dynamic scaling (4-PAM-DS) adapts signal amplitude levels based on real-time channel conditions, mitigating signal fading and improving BER performance. The Dual-Plane multi-coherent adaptive optics (DPMCAO) compensates for phase distortions and polarization mismatches using multi-conjugate wavefront correction, significantly improving optical signal fidelity. To further enhance signal reception, Flexible aperture control (FAC) dynamically adjusts the receiver aperture size to counteract beam wander and optimize power collection. Additionally, Dynamic kalman-enhanced equalization (DKEE) applies a Kalman filter-based approach to suppress turbulence-induced multipath interference and enhance signal reconstruction. The proposed system is evaluated through extensive simulations, considering atmospheric turbulence models and additive noise effects. The TRMAO system demonstrates superior performance, achieving a BER of 10−6 at −25 dBm received power, outperforming existing methods by over 60% in strong turbulence conditions. Throughput tests show a consistent 2.5 Gbps data rate at 25 dB SNR, representing a 30% improvement over existing approaches. The adaptive optics system reduces beam divergence by 70%, while the dynamic equalizer cuts signal distortion by 40% in NMSE metrics. Field tests across 2–5 km FSO links confirm reliable operation with less than 1.5 ms latency under turbulence. These results validate TRMAO’s capability to ensure high-reliability long-range optical communication link availability even in varying turbulence conditions.