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<p>This study presents a novel compact microwave sensor designed for high-resolution characterization of the complex permittivity of water–ethanol mixtures. The sensor is built on a cost-effective Teflon substrate, integrating an asymmetrical microstrip line power supply and a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), which is also offset to enhance electromagnetic field confinement and thereby increase sensitivity to dielectric variations. Through advanced theoretical and parametric analyses validated by experimental methods, the sensor demonstrates outstanding performance characteristics, including remarkable sensitivity, a superior frequency detection resolution (FDR = 4.71 MHz), an expansive bandwidth of 330 MHz, an exceptional quality factor (Q = 1600), and an impressive figure of merit (FOM = 7536 MHz), all achieved with minimal measurement error. An analytical model directly correlates resonance shifts to the complex permittivity of liquids, enabling real-time, non-destructive measurements without iterative simulations. Establishing an equivalent circuit model via ADS (Agilent Advanced Design System) has been shown to confirm performance and provide an additional tool for sensor optimization. These results highlight the value of this architecture for industrial, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications requiring non-destructive, real-time dielectric monitoring.</p>

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High Q-factor CSRR-loaded microstrip sensor for high-resolution complex permittivity characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Rami Zegadi,
  • Djamel Sayad,
  • Samira Mekki,
  • Mohamed Lamine Bouknia,
  • Yamina Tighilt,
  • Eyad Alzuraiqi,
  • Issa Elfergani,
  • Jonathan Rodriguez,
  • Chemseddine Zebiri

摘要

This study presents a novel compact microwave sensor designed for high-resolution characterization of the complex permittivity of water–ethanol mixtures. The sensor is built on a cost-effective Teflon substrate, integrating an asymmetrical microstrip line power supply and a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), which is also offset to enhance electromagnetic field confinement and thereby increase sensitivity to dielectric variations. Through advanced theoretical and parametric analyses validated by experimental methods, the sensor demonstrates outstanding performance characteristics, including remarkable sensitivity, a superior frequency detection resolution (FDR = 4.71 MHz), an expansive bandwidth of 330 MHz, an exceptional quality factor (Q = 1600), and an impressive figure of merit (FOM = 7536 MHz), all achieved with minimal measurement error. An analytical model directly correlates resonance shifts to the complex permittivity of liquids, enabling real-time, non-destructive measurements without iterative simulations. Establishing an equivalent circuit model via ADS (Agilent Advanced Design System) has been shown to confirm performance and provide an additional tool for sensor optimization. These results highlight the value of this architecture for industrial, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications requiring non-destructive, real-time dielectric monitoring.