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<p>The bimetallic La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZnO hetero-nanocomposites (NCs) demonstrate enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under both solar and UV light when compared to monometallic ZnO, La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and other composite samples. NCs were produced through chemical synthesis using ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. These NCs were then sintered at a temperature of 600&#xa0;°C for a duration of 2&#xa0;h. The materials’ physical, chemical, and optical properties were thoroughly investigated. FE-SEM analysis revealed spherical and flake-shaped particles ranging in size from 26 to 49&#xa0;nm. UV–vis DRS showed that doped composites absorbed in the visible range and had a lower band gap than pristine samples. XRD confirmed a hexagonal phase with particle sizes ranging from 15 to 23&#xa0;nm. FT-IR identified several functional groups, whereas PL studies revealed defects and decreased charge transfer mobility. RAMAN analysis identified various rotational and vibrational modes. Photocatalytic studies revealed that the 1:2 bimetallic composite degraded MB by up to 98%, surpassing other samples. Under solar light, ZnO and La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> degraded 86% and 33% of MB, respectively, using pseudo-first-order kinetics. UV conditions exhibited beneficial but less efficient activity. The bimetallic composite’s improved performance is due to the formation of p-n heterostructures, which improve charge separation. An in-depth analysis of the sample was also conducted to thoroughly evaluate the recycling process and the proposed mechanism. The findings demonstrate the possibility of La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZnO NCs for photocatalytic applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Design and development of La₂O₃-doped ZnO p–n heterostructures: structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties for dye degradation applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月9日

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  • Manoj Kumar,
  • Atikur Rahman,
  • Tahir Ahmad Dar,
  • Ayush Chandra Pundir

摘要

The bimetallic La2O3/ZnO hetero-nanocomposites (NCs) demonstrate enhanced photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under both solar and UV light when compared to monometallic ZnO, La2O3, and other composite samples. NCs were produced through chemical synthesis using ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. These NCs were then sintered at a temperature of 600 °C for a duration of 2 h. The materials’ physical, chemical, and optical properties were thoroughly investigated. FE-SEM analysis revealed spherical and flake-shaped particles ranging in size from 26 to 49 nm. UV–vis DRS showed that doped composites absorbed in the visible range and had a lower band gap than pristine samples. XRD confirmed a hexagonal phase with particle sizes ranging from 15 to 23 nm. FT-IR identified several functional groups, whereas PL studies revealed defects and decreased charge transfer mobility. RAMAN analysis identified various rotational and vibrational modes. Photocatalytic studies revealed that the 1:2 bimetallic composite degraded MB by up to 98%, surpassing other samples. Under solar light, ZnO and La2O3 degraded 86% and 33% of MB, respectively, using pseudo-first-order kinetics. UV conditions exhibited beneficial but less efficient activity. The bimetallic composite’s improved performance is due to the formation of p-n heterostructures, which improve charge separation. An in-depth analysis of the sample was also conducted to thoroughly evaluate the recycling process and the proposed mechanism. The findings demonstrate the possibility of La2O3/ZnO NCs for photocatalytic applications.

Graphical abstract