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<p>Continuous wave (CW) Lidar system is advantageous for achieving long-range, high-resolution measurements compared to pulsed systems. Range measurement can be achieved by modulating the phase or frequency of continuous lightwave, called Frequency-Modulated CW (FMCW) and Phase-Modulated CW (PhMCW) Lidar, respectively. In this study, we model the FMCW and PhMCW Lidar links using Max-Optics Studio and evaluate the performance of the two Lidar systems under different modulator transmission points and detection schemes. Numerical atmospheric channels are used to simulate free-space light transmission. The results show that the direct and coherent detection schemes present excellent SNR at the quadrature and peak. The PhMCW has a 3-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage in long-range direct detection, while the FMCW demonstrates superior performance in coherent detection, with an average SNR improvement of 9-dB. FMCW achieves a high SNR through spectral analysis processing but at the cost of increased linearity modulation complexity and expensive light source. At the expense of integration and the need for higher sampling rates on the received side, PhMCW offers a practical alternative for scenarios where cost-effectiveness and real-time performance are prioritized. With the reduction of device cost and system complexity, CW Lidar will stimulate new vitality in the optical sensing.</p>

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Innovative continuous-wave Lidar modeling and comparative insights between PhMCW and FMCW

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月29日

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  • Yiming Wang,
  • Wei Ji,
  • Yuqian Wang,
  • Jia Zhao

摘要

Continuous wave (CW) Lidar system is advantageous for achieving long-range, high-resolution measurements compared to pulsed systems. Range measurement can be achieved by modulating the phase or frequency of continuous lightwave, called Frequency-Modulated CW (FMCW) and Phase-Modulated CW (PhMCW) Lidar, respectively. In this study, we model the FMCW and PhMCW Lidar links using Max-Optics Studio and evaluate the performance of the two Lidar systems under different modulator transmission points and detection schemes. Numerical atmospheric channels are used to simulate free-space light transmission. The results show that the direct and coherent detection schemes present excellent SNR at the quadrature and peak. The PhMCW has a 3-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage in long-range direct detection, while the FMCW demonstrates superior performance in coherent detection, with an average SNR improvement of 9-dB. FMCW achieves a high SNR through spectral analysis processing but at the cost of increased linearity modulation complexity and expensive light source. At the expense of integration and the need for higher sampling rates on the received side, PhMCW offers a practical alternative for scenarios where cost-effectiveness and real-time performance are prioritized. With the reduction of device cost and system complexity, CW Lidar will stimulate new vitality in the optical sensing.