A value-centered approach to developing grand strategy for human-wildlife coexistence
摘要
Achieving sustainable human-wildlife coexistence across local, regional, national, and planetary scales has become one of the grand challenges of our time. Tackling this challenge requires more than fragmented efforts across sectoral, thematic, geographic, or disciplinary silos. It calls for grand strategy—the management of grand (comprehensive) means to achieve grand (significant) ends within grand (holistic) contexts. This article applies the integrative framework of the policy sciences to advance a value-centered approach to developing grand strategy for coexistence. Central to this approach is the concept of functional value: an entity or event that individuals and groups consider valuable in meeting their needs and wants, such as well-being, enlightenment, skill, wealth, power, respect, affection, and rectitude. These values not only shape strategic goals and objectives but also influence decision-making contexts and available means for pursuing those ends. By analyzing the ends, means, and contexts of coexistence through a functional-value lens, this approach can assist conservation policymakers, practitioners, researchers, and their allies in navigating value trade-offs, understanding entangled trends and conditions, and crafting innovative, practical, and adaptive strategies. The process of grand strategizing, in turn, fosters meaningful engagement and effective coordination among diverse stakeholders working toward shared visions in the common interest. Although focused primarily on human-wildlife coexistence, this value-centered approach to grand strategy is broadly applicable to other socioecological challenges that demand integrative thinking, cross-sectoral collaboration, and leadership grounded in both evidence and values.