<p>We are interested in the numerical solution of the tensor least squares problem <Equation ID="Equ16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \min _{\mathcal {X}} \Vert \mathcal {F} - \sum _{i =1}^{\ell } \mathcal {X} \times _1 A_1^{(i)} \times _2 A_2^{(i)} \cdots \times _d A_d^{(i)} \Vert _F, \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <munder> <mo movablelimits="true">min</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">X</mi> </munder> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <mo>-</mo> <munderover> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> </munderover> <mi mathvariant="script">X</mi> <msub> <mo>×</mo> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mn>1</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mo>×</mo> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>⋯</mo> <msub> <mo>×</mo> <mi>d</mi> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">‖</mo> </mrow> <mi>F</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {X}\in \mathbb {R}^{m_1 \times m_2 \times \cdots \times m_d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">X</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {F}\in \mathbb {R}^{n_1\times n_2 \times \cdots \times n_d}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>×</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> </msub> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are tensors with <i>d</i> dimensions, and the coefficients <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_j^{(i)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are tall matrices of conforming dimensions. We first describe a tensor implementation of the classical LSQR method by Paige and Saunders, using the tensor-train representation as key ingredient. We also show how to incorporate sketching to lower the computational cost of dealing with the tall matrices <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_j^{(i)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>A</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We then use this methodology to address a problem in information retrieval, the classification of a new query document among already categorized documents, according to given keywords.</p>

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TT-LSQR for tensor least squares problems and application to data mining

  • Lorenzo Piccinini,
  • Valeria Simoncini

摘要

We are interested in the numerical solution of the tensor least squares problem \( \min _{\mathcal {X}} \Vert \mathcal {F} - \sum _{i =1}^{\ell } \mathcal {X} \times _1 A_1^{(i)} \times _2 A_2^{(i)} \cdots \times _d A_d^{(i)} \Vert _F, \) min X F - i = 1 X × 1 A 1 ( i ) × 2 A 2 ( i ) × d A d ( i ) F , where \(\mathcal {X}\in \mathbb {R}^{m_1 \times m_2 \times \cdots \times m_d}\) X R m 1 × m 2 × × m d , \(\mathcal {F}\in \mathbb {R}^{n_1\times n_2 \times \cdots \times n_d}\) F R n 1 × n 2 × × n d are tensors with d dimensions, and the coefficients \(A_j^{(i)}\) A j ( i ) are tall matrices of conforming dimensions. We first describe a tensor implementation of the classical LSQR method by Paige and Saunders, using the tensor-train representation as key ingredient. We also show how to incorporate sketching to lower the computational cost of dealing with the tall matrices \(A_j^{(i)}\) A j ( i ) . We then use this methodology to address a problem in information retrieval, the classification of a new query document among already categorized documents, according to given keywords.