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<p>We theoretically investigate the polarization dynamics of a spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL) subjected to polarization-resolved optical injection. We first demonstrate that the free-running spin-VCSEL intrinsically exhibits polarization symmetry breaking. Furthermore, we reveal that this inherent symmetry breaking robustly persists under symmetric continuous-wave forcing; the dominant polarization mode dictates the macroscopic total intensity, effectively concealing chaotic and asymmetric microscopic instabilities in the weaker mode. Under asymmetric multi-periodic injection, we uncover a novel regime where the system achieves global phase-locking despite strongly mismatched inputs. We show that this is physically mediated by the weaker polarization mode, which absorbs the intense parametric perturbation through localized amplitude bifurcations, accommodating large internal carrier fluctuations without breaking overall phase synchronization. Finally, we demonstrate that broadband quasi-periodic injection strongly overrides internal spin-dependent anisotropies, forcing both orthogonal polarizations to evolve symmetrically. These findings bridge the microscopic spin-flip mechanisms with macroscopic emission properties, offering physical insights into phase-locking and multidimensional vector optical field manipulation.</p>

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Mapping the dynamics of Spin-VCSELs: from symmetric to asymmetric polarization injection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Shuangquan Gu,
  • Kun Li,
  • Pei Zhou,
  • Kuenyao Lau,
  • Yu Huang,
  • Penghua Mu,
  • Nianqiang Li

摘要

We theoretically investigate the polarization dynamics of a spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL) subjected to polarization-resolved optical injection. We first demonstrate that the free-running spin-VCSEL intrinsically exhibits polarization symmetry breaking. Furthermore, we reveal that this inherent symmetry breaking robustly persists under symmetric continuous-wave forcing; the dominant polarization mode dictates the macroscopic total intensity, effectively concealing chaotic and asymmetric microscopic instabilities in the weaker mode. Under asymmetric multi-periodic injection, we uncover a novel regime where the system achieves global phase-locking despite strongly mismatched inputs. We show that this is physically mediated by the weaker polarization mode, which absorbs the intense parametric perturbation through localized amplitude bifurcations, accommodating large internal carrier fluctuations without breaking overall phase synchronization. Finally, we demonstrate that broadband quasi-periodic injection strongly overrides internal spin-dependent anisotropies, forcing both orthogonal polarizations to evolve symmetrically. These findings bridge the microscopic spin-flip mechanisms with macroscopic emission properties, offering physical insights into phase-locking and multidimensional vector optical field manipulation.