The spatiotemporal characteristics of lossy acoustic bright solitons in bubbly liquids
摘要
We theoretically and experimentally study the spatiotemporal characteristics of lossy acoustic bright solitons in bubbly liquids. We derive analytical models for lossy acoustic bright solitons in bubbly liquids and experimentally observe and characterize their spatiotemporal properties. Due to the complexity of bubble clusters, there are currently no experimental reports on the formation and propagation characteristics of acoustic bright solitons. This paper investigates the evolution of acoustic bright solitons in space, time, and frequency domains theoretically and experimentally, and analyzes the interaction between nonlinearity, dispersion, and dissipation. Although strong excitation generally enhances nonlinear dissipation, the intense pulse nonlinearity in our experiments suppressed both dispersive broadening and nonlinear attenuation, significantly slowing amplitude decay–a key signature of soliton formation. Under experimental conditions, the observed acoustic bright solitons exhibit remarkable stability even in the presence of energy dissipation. The spatial evolution of the solitons is significantly influenced by pressure. We study the waveform and energy evolution of acoustic bright solitons in bubbly liquids in both time and frequency domains through experiments. In the time domain, solitons can propagate in the medium while maintaining a relatively stable shape. In the frequency domain, the energy of acoustic bright solitons decays at a relatively slow rate. The acoustic solitons obtained in this experiment can maintain a relatively stable waveform and carry high energy, propagating over longer distances. The experimental results are consistent with the properties of acoustic solitons predicted by our theory.