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<p>To investigate the combined effects of environmental noise and stage structure on plant-pollinator mutualism, we develop a stochastic stage-structured model. We begin by establishing the existence and uniqueness of a global positive solution, followed by a proof of the existence of a unique stationary distribution. Subsequently, we derive an exact expression for the local probability density function near the quasi-equilibrium state. Finally, we identify critical threshold conditions that govern pollinator extinction. Our results reveal three key findings: (i) pollination efficiency serves as a positive feedback mechanism that enhances system persistence; (ii) the system exhibits selective vulnerability, with differential sensitivity to disturbances across life stages and functional components; and (iii) environmental disturbances propagate primarily through the plant community, whereas pollinator populations develop increasing resistance to noise throughout their developmental stages.</p>

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Stochastic dynamics of a stage-structured plant-pollinator mutualism model: stationary distribution, probability density, and extinction

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Xingwang Yu,
  • Haoran Sun,
  • Yanjiao Ma

摘要

To investigate the combined effects of environmental noise and stage structure on plant-pollinator mutualism, we develop a stochastic stage-structured model. We begin by establishing the existence and uniqueness of a global positive solution, followed by a proof of the existence of a unique stationary distribution. Subsequently, we derive an exact expression for the local probability density function near the quasi-equilibrium state. Finally, we identify critical threshold conditions that govern pollinator extinction. Our results reveal three key findings: (i) pollination efficiency serves as a positive feedback mechanism that enhances system persistence; (ii) the system exhibits selective vulnerability, with differential sensitivity to disturbances across life stages and functional components; and (iii) environmental disturbances propagate primarily through the plant community, whereas pollinator populations develop increasing resistance to noise throughout their developmental stages.