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<p>This paper introduces a parallel secure key distribution scheme based on polarization-mode shift keying synchronization. The system employs two free-running chaotic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), both driven by another solitary VCSEL without external disturbance. High-correlation polarization chaos synchronization is established between the two response VCSELs when legitimate users share identical random parameters that govern the polarization modes of the driving laser. After performing dual-threshold quantization to the sifted synchronous chaotic waveforms, legitimate users can simultaneously extract two channels of shared keys based on two polarization modes as final shared keys. Numerical results confirm that a secure key distribution rate of 2.88 Gbit/s (2 × 1.44 Gbit/s) can be achieved with a bit error ratio maintained below 3.8 × 10<sup>-3</sup>. This fast key rate attributes to the omission of external feedback configuration in polarization on chaos sources.</p>

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Parallel secure key distribution: a polarization chaos synchronization approach based on free-running VCSELs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Qiang Cai,
  • Qi Wu,
  • Tongfa Liu,
  • Runyu Chen,
  • Jianguo Zhang,
  • Pu Li

摘要

This paper introduces a parallel secure key distribution scheme based on polarization-mode shift keying synchronization. The system employs two free-running chaotic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), both driven by another solitary VCSEL without external disturbance. High-correlation polarization chaos synchronization is established between the two response VCSELs when legitimate users share identical random parameters that govern the polarization modes of the driving laser. After performing dual-threshold quantization to the sifted synchronous chaotic waveforms, legitimate users can simultaneously extract two channels of shared keys based on two polarization modes as final shared keys. Numerical results confirm that a secure key distribution rate of 2.88 Gbit/s (2 × 1.44 Gbit/s) can be achieved with a bit error ratio maintained below 3.8 × 10-3. This fast key rate attributes to the omission of external feedback configuration in polarization on chaos sources.