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Abstract <p>Rail fasteners exhibit significant nonlinear support stiffness characteristics in the vertical and lateral directions that affect wheel–rail vibrations and the rail-corrugation formation. This paper presents a rail corrugation simulation model that incorporates both the vertical load/frequency-dependent stiffness effect and the lateral stick–slip stiffness effect of fasteners. It further examined the computational errors in linear stiffness models and analyzed how nonlinear stiffness characteristics influence the formation of rail corrugation. A multi-point supported fractional derivative Poynting–Thomson (MS-FDPT) model and an improved Berg model are used to characterize the nonlinear stiffness of fasteners in vertical (torsional) and lateral directions, respectively, and rail wear is assessed using the USFD(University of Sheffield) wear function. The results indicate that the proposed computational model accurately reproduces the main characteristics of field-observed rail corrugation, with a wavelength prediction error of 5.69%. The analysis reveals that the low damping of fastener stiffness under high-frequency vibration conditions is the primary cause of short-pitch corrugation formation. In addition, the lateral slip behavior of fasteners further accelerates the corrugation growth, leading to the emergence of new wavelength components at approximately 320&#xa0;mm and 160&#xa0;mm.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Impact of nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics of subway fastening systems on formation of short-pitch corrugation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Xian Wang,
  • Kai Wei,
  • Tao Tan,
  • Jiaming Li,
  • Jiansen Li,
  • Qianhua Pu,
  • Ping Wang

摘要

Abstract

Rail fasteners exhibit significant nonlinear support stiffness characteristics in the vertical and lateral directions that affect wheel–rail vibrations and the rail-corrugation formation. This paper presents a rail corrugation simulation model that incorporates both the vertical load/frequency-dependent stiffness effect and the lateral stick–slip stiffness effect of fasteners. It further examined the computational errors in linear stiffness models and analyzed how nonlinear stiffness characteristics influence the formation of rail corrugation. A multi-point supported fractional derivative Poynting–Thomson (MS-FDPT) model and an improved Berg model are used to characterize the nonlinear stiffness of fasteners in vertical (torsional) and lateral directions, respectively, and rail wear is assessed using the USFD(University of Sheffield) wear function. The results indicate that the proposed computational model accurately reproduces the main characteristics of field-observed rail corrugation, with a wavelength prediction error of 5.69%. The analysis reveals that the low damping of fastener stiffness under high-frequency vibration conditions is the primary cause of short-pitch corrugation formation. In addition, the lateral slip behavior of fasteners further accelerates the corrugation growth, leading to the emergence of new wavelength components at approximately 320 mm and 160 mm.

Graphical abstract