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<p>Prey-predator models play a crucial role in understanding ecological dynamics and informing conservation efforts. Our study investigates a two-dimensional Leslie-Gower type population model that incorporates a cyrtoid functional response, predator-induced fear effects on prey, and nonlinear predator harvesting. The model exhibits rich dynamical behaviors shaped by key ecological parameters. Through equilibrium and local stability analysis, we identify saddle-node, transcritical, Hopf, and BT bifurcations, revealing complex transitions in population dynamics. Numerical simulations for the deterministic model show that increasing the prey growth rate drives the system through mono, bi, and tristable regimes, marking critical thresholds for prey survival and sustainable coexistence. Prey growth, fear levels, and predator caching behavior all play a significant role in these transitions. Furthermore, stochastic analysis by the stochastic sensitivity functions SSF technique shows that low-intensity noise stabilizes the system, whereas moderate to high noise can cause tipping phenomena, abrupt attractor shifts, and extinction. Our findings emphasize the importance of incorporating fear, nonlinear harvesting, and stochasticity into ecological models and the delicate balance required for ecosystem resilience.</p>

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Multistability and noise-induced transitions in a fear-driven Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with predator harvesting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Bapin Mondal,
  • Shubhadeep Ghosh,
  • Abhijit Sarkar,
  • Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay

摘要

Prey-predator models play a crucial role in understanding ecological dynamics and informing conservation efforts. Our study investigates a two-dimensional Leslie-Gower type population model that incorporates a cyrtoid functional response, predator-induced fear effects on prey, and nonlinear predator harvesting. The model exhibits rich dynamical behaviors shaped by key ecological parameters. Through equilibrium and local stability analysis, we identify saddle-node, transcritical, Hopf, and BT bifurcations, revealing complex transitions in population dynamics. Numerical simulations for the deterministic model show that increasing the prey growth rate drives the system through mono, bi, and tristable regimes, marking critical thresholds for prey survival and sustainable coexistence. Prey growth, fear levels, and predator caching behavior all play a significant role in these transitions. Furthermore, stochastic analysis by the stochastic sensitivity functions SSF technique shows that low-intensity noise stabilizes the system, whereas moderate to high noise can cause tipping phenomena, abrupt attractor shifts, and extinction. Our findings emphasize the importance of incorporating fear, nonlinear harvesting, and stochasticity into ecological models and the delicate balance required for ecosystem resilience.