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<p>The ride comfort of high-speed railway vehicles in long-term service environments is a critical focus in dynamics research. While conventional linear vibration theory can address many vibration issues, it fails to explain abnormal behaviors driven by nonlinear factors, such as the rolling resonance of carbody motion induced by vertical track excitation during bridge crossings. This study identifies a 2:1 internal resonance phenomenon, wherein vertical wheel–rail excitation induces carbody rolling motion at half the excitation frequency, as confirmed by field measurements. Recognizing the air spring as the primary load-bearing element, its nonlinear stiffness characteristics were experimentally measured. A simplified 3-DOFs analytical model using the multiple scales method and a comprehensive 10-DOFs numerical model reveal that nonlinear coupling between vertical excitation and vehicle rolling motion facilitates energy transfer, leading to parametric resonance when the excitation frequency approaches twice the natural rolling frequency. Based on these findings, practical mitigation strategies are proposed to suppress resonance and improve ride quality, including speed modulation and stricter bridge settlement control. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of high-speed trains, offering practical guidelines to enhance the long-term service quality and safety of high-speed rail operations. The proposed solutions can offer tangible value for infrastructure management, particularly in regions where bridge crossings are frequent, ensuring sustainable and reliable high-speed rail operations.</p>

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Parametric resonance induced by bridge excitation in high-speed trains: mechanisms and suppression measures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Qunsheng Wang,
  • Yin Pei,
  • Rancheng Mao,
  • Jing Zeng,
  • Shidong Wu,
  • Yixuan Shi

摘要

The ride comfort of high-speed railway vehicles in long-term service environments is a critical focus in dynamics research. While conventional linear vibration theory can address many vibration issues, it fails to explain abnormal behaviors driven by nonlinear factors, such as the rolling resonance of carbody motion induced by vertical track excitation during bridge crossings. This study identifies a 2:1 internal resonance phenomenon, wherein vertical wheel–rail excitation induces carbody rolling motion at half the excitation frequency, as confirmed by field measurements. Recognizing the air spring as the primary load-bearing element, its nonlinear stiffness characteristics were experimentally measured. A simplified 3-DOFs analytical model using the multiple scales method and a comprehensive 10-DOFs numerical model reveal that nonlinear coupling between vertical excitation and vehicle rolling motion facilitates energy transfer, leading to parametric resonance when the excitation frequency approaches twice the natural rolling frequency. Based on these findings, practical mitigation strategies are proposed to suppress resonance and improve ride quality, including speed modulation and stricter bridge settlement control. This research provides valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of high-speed trains, offering practical guidelines to enhance the long-term service quality and safety of high-speed rail operations. The proposed solutions can offer tangible value for infrastructure management, particularly in regions where bridge crossings are frequent, ensuring sustainable and reliable high-speed rail operations.