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<p>Video encryption is critical to protecting video data. Traditional one-dimensional (1D) chaotic maps in video encryption are constrained by issues like narrow parameter space, inferior randomness, and weak parallelism. This study proposes an enhanced coupling chaotic system (ECCS) to tackle these limitations. By dynamically coupling 1D maps with exponential scaling factors and modular arithmetic operations, the derived three-dimensional(3D) ECCS maintains the computational efficiency of 1D chaos while boosting chaotic performance robustness. Input parameters of the 3D-ECCS are correlated with SHA-256 hash values of individual video slices, strengthening resistance to chosen-plaintext attacks and enabling real-time key stream updates. The system simultaneously generates three distinct keystreams for parallel encryption of syntax elements. A 3D-ECCS-based selective encryption scheme for HEVC video is further proposed, selecting nine syntax elements covering prediction, transformation, filtering, regular mode, and bypass mode to ensure sufficient visual distortion. Experimental results validate that the scheme provides a key space up to <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11071_2025_11281_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="27" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2^{299}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>2</mn> <mn>299</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, reduces peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) to 10.31 dB and 0.26 respectively, and exhibits strong resistance to common attacks. Compared with state-of-the-art HEVC selective encryption schemes, this work demonstrates superior format compatibility, security, and robustness, providing a robust basis for future advancements in video encryption technologies.</p>

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A Selective Encryption Scheme for HEVC Videos Based on 3D Enhanced Coupling Chaotic System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Xiaobing Liu,
  • Qing Ye,
  • Wei Liu,
  • Yun Chen,
  • Qian Zhou,
  • Guangyue Kou

摘要

Video encryption is critical to protecting video data. Traditional one-dimensional (1D) chaotic maps in video encryption are constrained by issues like narrow parameter space, inferior randomness, and weak parallelism. This study proposes an enhanced coupling chaotic system (ECCS) to tackle these limitations. By dynamically coupling 1D maps with exponential scaling factors and modular arithmetic operations, the derived three-dimensional(3D) ECCS maintains the computational efficiency of 1D chaos while boosting chaotic performance robustness. Input parameters of the 3D-ECCS are correlated with SHA-256 hash values of individual video slices, strengthening resistance to chosen-plaintext attacks and enabling real-time key stream updates. The system simultaneously generates three distinct keystreams for parallel encryption of syntax elements. A 3D-ECCS-based selective encryption scheme for HEVC video is further proposed, selecting nine syntax elements covering prediction, transformation, filtering, regular mode, and bypass mode to ensure sufficient visual distortion. Experimental results validate that the scheme provides a key space up to \(2^{299}\) 2 299 , reduces peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) to 10.31 dB and 0.26 respectively, and exhibits strong resistance to common attacks. Compared with state-of-the-art HEVC selective encryption schemes, this work demonstrates superior format compatibility, security, and robustness, providing a robust basis for future advancements in video encryption technologies.