<p>This study aims to comprehensively investigate the self-synchronous mechanism of an anti-resonance system featuring three co-rotating rotors driven by exciters, through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental verification. The research methodology encompasses four main aspects: First, the differential equations of motion for each generalized coordinate of the system are established using Lagrange equations, enabling the examination of coupled dynamic characteristics between the two bodies. Second, the small parameter averaging method is employed to analyze the synchronization conditions between the rotors, while the Routh–Hurwitz theory is applied to derive the system’s stability criterion. Subsequently, numerical calculations are performed to quantitatively examine the relationship between the system’s coupled dynamic characteristics, synchronization behavior, and structural parameters. Finally, the dynamic characteristics of the vibration system and the synchronization behaviors between the rotors are thoroughly investigated through electromechanical coupling simulations and experimental studies, thereby validating the accuracy of the theoretical analyses. The research findings demonstrate that the system’s coupled dynamic characteristics are intrinsically linked to the synchronization state of the rotors. Specifically, increasing the exciter installation distance or decreasing the installation angle can significantly enhance the system’s synchronization capability, thereby improving the probability of achieving synchronized operation. Furthermore, the synchronous phase difference between the rotors decreases as the installation distance of the exciters increases, although the location of feature points exhibiting inverse-phase jumping phenomenon varies with different installation angles. These research outcomes provide valuable insights and novel perspectives for vibration reduction design in various industrial vibration equipment applications.</p>