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<p>A series of four storms struck the coast of British Columbia (BC) during November 2024. The storms (cyclones) produced significant storm surges, intense seiches, marked infragravity waves, and shifting current patterns. Different types of sea level oscillations prevailed, depending on the atmospheric forcing, local topographic properties, and resonant shelf/coastal zone features. The strongest of the four events was the third storm (here, “bomb cyclone”) during 18–21 November. The November 2024 bomb cyclone had extremely low air pressure of 942&#xa0;hPa in the cyclone center and maximum wind gusts of more than 160&#xa0;km/h. The storm made landfall on the west coast of the United States and Canada, but fortunately then made a loop and turned to the southwest, sparing the BC coast from the most hazardous effects. For the present study, we examined 35 tide gauge and 9 air pressure records from stations located along the BC coast, as well as data from an open-ocean weather station situated near the entrance to Juan de Fuca Strait. The lowest atmospheric pressure of 978.5&#xa0;hPa was measured at Daajing Giids (Haida Gwaii) during Cyclone 1, but the sharpest decrease in air pressure (about 20&#xa0;hPa per 4&#xa0;h) was observed at Tofino at the time of the “bomb cyclone”. The entire outer coast of Vancouver Island was affected by this cyclone, where minimum air pressures reached 985–987&#xa0;hPa and was accompanied by marked HF air pressure oscillations. The highest storm surges, up to 60&#xa0;cm, were measured in this particular region. Also, during the “bomb event”, prominent seiches of 25–30&#xa0;cm were observed at the stations located in this region (Tofino, Ucluelet, Port Alberni and Bamfield), while maximum infragravity wave heights of 68&#xa0;cm were recorded at Port Renfrew. The seiche duration was prolonged and their periods corresponded to the resonant periods of the respective basins estimated from long-term background sea level series at these stations. Periods were mostly &lt; 30 min, except at Port Alberni, where the recorded seiches had periods of 100–110&#xa0;min, corresponding to the fundamental (Helmholtz) period of Alberni Inlet. Prominent infragravity waves with periods  &lt;&#xa0;10&#xa0;min recorded at Port Renfrew were found to be highly correlated with storm waves measured at the meteorological buoy and wave station.</p>

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Sea level oscillations along the coast of British Columbia generated by four storms (cyclones) in November 2024

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Alexander B. Rabinovich,
  • Jadranka Šepić,
  • Charles G. Hannah,
  • Richard E. Thomson

摘要

A series of four storms struck the coast of British Columbia (BC) during November 2024. The storms (cyclones) produced significant storm surges, intense seiches, marked infragravity waves, and shifting current patterns. Different types of sea level oscillations prevailed, depending on the atmospheric forcing, local topographic properties, and resonant shelf/coastal zone features. The strongest of the four events was the third storm (here, “bomb cyclone”) during 18–21 November. The November 2024 bomb cyclone had extremely low air pressure of 942 hPa in the cyclone center and maximum wind gusts of more than 160 km/h. The storm made landfall on the west coast of the United States and Canada, but fortunately then made a loop and turned to the southwest, sparing the BC coast from the most hazardous effects. For the present study, we examined 35 tide gauge and 9 air pressure records from stations located along the BC coast, as well as data from an open-ocean weather station situated near the entrance to Juan de Fuca Strait. The lowest atmospheric pressure of 978.5 hPa was measured at Daajing Giids (Haida Gwaii) during Cyclone 1, but the sharpest decrease in air pressure (about 20 hPa per 4 h) was observed at Tofino at the time of the “bomb cyclone”. The entire outer coast of Vancouver Island was affected by this cyclone, where minimum air pressures reached 985–987 hPa and was accompanied by marked HF air pressure oscillations. The highest storm surges, up to 60 cm, were measured in this particular region. Also, during the “bomb event”, prominent seiches of 25–30 cm were observed at the stations located in this region (Tofino, Ucluelet, Port Alberni and Bamfield), while maximum infragravity wave heights of 68 cm were recorded at Port Renfrew. The seiche duration was prolonged and their periods corresponded to the resonant periods of the respective basins estimated from long-term background sea level series at these stations. Periods were mostly < 30 min, except at Port Alberni, where the recorded seiches had periods of 100–110 min, corresponding to the fundamental (Helmholtz) period of Alberni Inlet. Prominent infragravity waves with periods  < 10 min recorded at Port Renfrew were found to be highly correlated with storm waves measured at the meteorological buoy and wave station.