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<p>Under ongoing global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events—particularly high temperature, drought, and their compound occurrences—have increased markedly. Southwest China, located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the eastern and southern plains, features complex terrain and highly heterogeneous climate conditions, making it especially vulnerable to compound high-temperature and drought events (CHTDEs). However, existing monitoring approaches often fail to adequately characterize the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of such compound extremes. In this study, a regionally adaptive compound high-temperature and drought index (CHTDI) was developed to improve the identification and monitoring of summer CHTDEs in Southwest China. The index integrates drought and temperature information and was optimized through systematic performance evaluation using historical drought events. Based on the optimized CHTDI, the spatiotemporal evolution of summer CHTDEs during 1961–2023 was analyzed, and the relative contributions of drought and temperature components were quantified. The results indicate a significant intensification of summer CHTDEs over the past six decades, characterized by increasing event intensity and expanding spatial extent, with the most pronounced enhancement occurring after the early 2000s. Spatial analyses reveal that high temperature plays a dominant role in driving compound events across most of Southwest China, whereas drought and temperature contributions are comparable in parts of the eastern Sichuan Basin, eastern Chongqing, and northwestern Guizhou. These findings highlight the growing importance of temperature extremes in shaping compound climate risks in the region. Overall, this study provides a robust framework for monitoring compound heat–drought extremes and offers valuable insights into their long-term evolution and driving mechanisms. The proposed index has strong potential for operational application and can support the development of more effective early warning systems and targeted disaster risk reduction strategies, contributing to improved climate resilience in Southwest China and other regions facing similar compound climate hazards.</p>

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Construction and performance evaluation of a compound high-temperature and drought index for summer in Southwest China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Jian Huang,
  • Xiehui Li,
  • Lei Wang,
  • Xuejia Wang,
  • Shangru Li,
  • Fan Zhang

摘要

Under ongoing global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events—particularly high temperature, drought, and their compound occurrences—have increased markedly. Southwest China, located in the transitional zone between the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the eastern and southern plains, features complex terrain and highly heterogeneous climate conditions, making it especially vulnerable to compound high-temperature and drought events (CHTDEs). However, existing monitoring approaches often fail to adequately characterize the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of such compound extremes. In this study, a regionally adaptive compound high-temperature and drought index (CHTDI) was developed to improve the identification and monitoring of summer CHTDEs in Southwest China. The index integrates drought and temperature information and was optimized through systematic performance evaluation using historical drought events. Based on the optimized CHTDI, the spatiotemporal evolution of summer CHTDEs during 1961–2023 was analyzed, and the relative contributions of drought and temperature components were quantified. The results indicate a significant intensification of summer CHTDEs over the past six decades, characterized by increasing event intensity and expanding spatial extent, with the most pronounced enhancement occurring after the early 2000s. Spatial analyses reveal that high temperature plays a dominant role in driving compound events across most of Southwest China, whereas drought and temperature contributions are comparable in parts of the eastern Sichuan Basin, eastern Chongqing, and northwestern Guizhou. These findings highlight the growing importance of temperature extremes in shaping compound climate risks in the region. Overall, this study provides a robust framework for monitoring compound heat–drought extremes and offers valuable insights into their long-term evolution and driving mechanisms. The proposed index has strong potential for operational application and can support the development of more effective early warning systems and targeted disaster risk reduction strategies, contributing to improved climate resilience in Southwest China and other regions facing similar compound climate hazards.