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<p>Creep-type landslides attract significant attention due to their concealed nature, cumulative behavior, and long-term geohazard impacts. As one of the typical creep-type landslides, the Suoertou landslide has received insufficient attention regarding the multi-factor coupling effects on its creep process and deformation mechanisms. This study investigates the deformation mechanisms of the Suoertou creep-type landslide in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, under the combined effects of rainfall, seismic activity, and fault movement. Using three-dimensional modeling with FLAC3D, integrated with borehole data and geotechnical testing, we analyzed the progressive failure process of the landslide. The results show that: (1) rainfall exceeding 0.7&#xa0;mm/h triggers rapid slip‑zone development, reducing the safety factor by 17.3%; (2) seismic shaking induces large‑scale deformation, with displacement in the middle‑rear sections reaching 2.1 times that at the front; and (3) long‑term tectonic stress from the Pingding–Huama fault zone (0.12&#xa0;MPa/year) weakens slope stability through sustained compressive‑shear motion. These factors interact nonlinearly: rainfall softens the slip zone, seismic loading accelerates movement, and fault activity reshapes the long‑term stress field. The landslide exhibits a composite failure mode characterized by frontal extension, central locking, and rear compression. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding multi‑factor landslide triggers and offers insights for risk assessment in seismically active mountain regions.</p>

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Multi-factor coupling effects on deformation mechanisms of the suoertou landslide: insights from 3D numerical modeling and field analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月14日

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  • Jingjing Nan,
  • Changming Lu,
  • Zuopeng Wang,
  • Qiang Sun

摘要

Creep-type landslides attract significant attention due to their concealed nature, cumulative behavior, and long-term geohazard impacts. As one of the typical creep-type landslides, the Suoertou landslide has received insufficient attention regarding the multi-factor coupling effects on its creep process and deformation mechanisms. This study investigates the deformation mechanisms of the Suoertou creep-type landslide in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, under the combined effects of rainfall, seismic activity, and fault movement. Using three-dimensional modeling with FLAC3D, integrated with borehole data and geotechnical testing, we analyzed the progressive failure process of the landslide. The results show that: (1) rainfall exceeding 0.7 mm/h triggers rapid slip‑zone development, reducing the safety factor by 17.3%; (2) seismic shaking induces large‑scale deformation, with displacement in the middle‑rear sections reaching 2.1 times that at the front; and (3) long‑term tectonic stress from the Pingding–Huama fault zone (0.12 MPa/year) weakens slope stability through sustained compressive‑shear motion. These factors interact nonlinearly: rainfall softens the slip zone, seismic loading accelerates movement, and fault activity reshapes the long‑term stress field. The landslide exhibits a composite failure mode characterized by frontal extension, central locking, and rear compression. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding multi‑factor landslide triggers and offers insights for risk assessment in seismically active mountain regions.