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<p>Coastal regions located near subduction zones are highly exposed to megathrust-generated tsunamis that threaten coastal communities and critical infrastructures. This study investigates the effectiveness of structural, nature-based, and hybrid defense systems for the protection of Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA), a major coastal transportation hub in southern Java, Indonesia, under a Mw 8.8 megathrust earthquake scenario. Using available high-resolution bathymetric and topographic data, eight mitigation scenarios were simulated, including seawalls of 5, 10, and 15&#xa0;m in height and a 200-m-wide <i>Casuarina equisetifolia</i> forest belt, individually and in combination. Results indicate that vegetation alone and low seawalls offer limited protection, while a 10&#xa0;m seawall substantially reduces inundation area and depth. The 15&#xa0;m seawall provides the highest level of protection, almost eliminating tsunami flooding across the airport and surrounding critical facilities. When combined with vegetation, the hybrid approach enhances performance by dissipating overtopping energy and reducing residual flooding. Temporal analyses reveal that higher seawalls also delay tsunami arrival, providing valuable time for emergency response. These findings highlight the importance of multi-layered, hybrid mitigation strategies that integrate engineered structures with ecological components to enhance the resilience of coastal infrastructure. The study provides insights that can inform global efforts to protect vital coastal assets from future megathrust tsunami events.</p>

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Integrated structural and nature-based defense systems to reduce tsunami inundation under a megathrust earthquake scenario

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Yudhi Prabowo,
  • Widjo Kongko,
  • Mardi Wibowo,
  • Imam Fachrudin,
  • Fajar Yulianto,
  • Edwin A. Wiguna,
  • Hanah Khoirunnisa,
  • Marindah Y. Iswari,
  • Hilmi Aziz,
  • Nurkhalis Rahili

摘要

Coastal regions located near subduction zones are highly exposed to megathrust-generated tsunamis that threaten coastal communities and critical infrastructures. This study investigates the effectiveness of structural, nature-based, and hybrid defense systems for the protection of Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA), a major coastal transportation hub in southern Java, Indonesia, under a Mw 8.8 megathrust earthquake scenario. Using available high-resolution bathymetric and topographic data, eight mitigation scenarios were simulated, including seawalls of 5, 10, and 15 m in height and a 200-m-wide Casuarina equisetifolia forest belt, individually and in combination. Results indicate that vegetation alone and low seawalls offer limited protection, while a 10 m seawall substantially reduces inundation area and depth. The 15 m seawall provides the highest level of protection, almost eliminating tsunami flooding across the airport and surrounding critical facilities. When combined with vegetation, the hybrid approach enhances performance by dissipating overtopping energy and reducing residual flooding. Temporal analyses reveal that higher seawalls also delay tsunami arrival, providing valuable time for emergency response. These findings highlight the importance of multi-layered, hybrid mitigation strategies that integrate engineered structures with ecological components to enhance the resilience of coastal infrastructure. The study provides insights that can inform global efforts to protect vital coastal assets from future megathrust tsunami events.