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<p>Geological disasters caused by landslides and rockfalls have significant characteristics such as suddenness, unpredictability, and high hazard risk. In this paper, a cliff feature zone in Guizhou Province of China is taken as a case, the terrain data in the study area are obtained through the field survey, and the potential rockfall sources are identified based on slop angle distribution (SAD) inferred from topographic map. The Rockfall Analyst software is used to simulate the trajectory, frequency, bounce height, velocity and kinetic energy of rockfall in slope landslide, and the simulation accuracy is verified through actual accidents. Then, a rockfall hazard assessment for Jinfeng Street is conducted, and the corresponding governing strategy is proposed. The results indicate that the potential rockfall source area, validated by SAD and rock outcrops from topographic map, spans 522,316 m<sup>2</sup> (0.8% of Jinfeng Street’s total area). The buildings within hazard zones cover 81,105 m<sup>2</sup>, of which 25.6% fall into high/ultra-high-risk zones. To reduce the rockfall hazard, a 5-m-high retaining wall was constructed in accordance with the Code for Design of Rock Retaining Wall Engineering in Geological Hazards (T/CAGHP060-2019). The results show that, compared to the scenario without the rock retaining wall, the rockfall hazard area decreases by 39.3%, the building area within rockfall hazard zones decreases by 41.7%, and no ultra-high risk hazard zones are identified. Moreover, sensitivity analysis reveals that the maximum bounce height of rockfall is primarily controlled by the normal restitution coefficient, while kinetic energy and runout distance are most sensitive to the tangential restitution coefficient, and all output parameters of rockfall exhibit negative correlations with the friction angle. Although the retaining wall significantly reduces the rockfall hazard, it does not eliminate the hazard entirely. Therefore, even with the rock retaining wall in place, a unified relocation strategy is recommended for residents in high-hazard zones to ensure their safety and property protection.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Rockfall hazard assessment and governing strategy for a cliff feature zone based on the high-resolution online images and terrain analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Rongguo Zhao,
  • Jinchen Yang,
  • Suhua Zhou,
  • Minghua Huang,
  • Minghui Yang

摘要

Geological disasters caused by landslides and rockfalls have significant characteristics such as suddenness, unpredictability, and high hazard risk. In this paper, a cliff feature zone in Guizhou Province of China is taken as a case, the terrain data in the study area are obtained through the field survey, and the potential rockfall sources are identified based on slop angle distribution (SAD) inferred from topographic map. The Rockfall Analyst software is used to simulate the trajectory, frequency, bounce height, velocity and kinetic energy of rockfall in slope landslide, and the simulation accuracy is verified through actual accidents. Then, a rockfall hazard assessment for Jinfeng Street is conducted, and the corresponding governing strategy is proposed. The results indicate that the potential rockfall source area, validated by SAD and rock outcrops from topographic map, spans 522,316 m2 (0.8% of Jinfeng Street’s total area). The buildings within hazard zones cover 81,105 m2, of which 25.6% fall into high/ultra-high-risk zones. To reduce the rockfall hazard, a 5-m-high retaining wall was constructed in accordance with the Code for Design of Rock Retaining Wall Engineering in Geological Hazards (T/CAGHP060-2019). The results show that, compared to the scenario without the rock retaining wall, the rockfall hazard area decreases by 39.3%, the building area within rockfall hazard zones decreases by 41.7%, and no ultra-high risk hazard zones are identified. Moreover, sensitivity analysis reveals that the maximum bounce height of rockfall is primarily controlled by the normal restitution coefficient, while kinetic energy and runout distance are most sensitive to the tangential restitution coefficient, and all output parameters of rockfall exhibit negative correlations with the friction angle. Although the retaining wall significantly reduces the rockfall hazard, it does not eliminate the hazard entirely. Therefore, even with the rock retaining wall in place, a unified relocation strategy is recommended for residents in high-hazard zones to ensure their safety and property protection.

Graphical Abstract