<p>Earthquakes are a key trigger for the instability of anti-dip bedding rock slopes (ABRSs). However, the failure mechanisms and controlling factors of these slopes under seismic action remain unclear. To address this, a dynamic boundary input method for slope shaking table tests was developed using the FDEM software MultiFracS, and its feasibility was verified by comparison with experimental results. Building on this, the dynamic response and failure mechanisms of ABRSs were systematically investigated under various slope geometric and seismic wave parameters. Furthermore, the distribution of failure surfaces under seismic loading was analyzed and compared with that under static conditions. The results show that the acceleration elevation amplification effect is mainly concentrated above two-thirds of the slope height. In contrast, the surface amplification effect occurs primarily within 0.5 times the slope height from the slope surface. Although flexural toppling remains the dominant failure mode under seismic action, the failure surface may develop at both the slope toe and the shoulder region. This characteristic is mainly controlled by seismic wave parameters and shows little correlation with slope geometric parameters. This study provides a theoretical basis for the seismic design and reinforcement of anti-dip bedding rock slopes.</p>