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<p>In many regions of Saudi Arabia (SA), recurring flash flood events pose a significant threat to everyday life and property. The severity of these events is significantly influenced by Saudi Arabia’s topographical, geological, and meteorological features. The intersection of these events with human activities results in injuries, fatalities, and massive infrastructure damage. The lack of emergency preparedness increases the likelihood of flooding, affecting numerous cities annually. Accordingly, the critical question is: How can Saudi Arabia enhance its emergency management strategies to effectively respond to and recover from flash flood events? Incorporating emergency management strategies can improve readiness and response to flood events, enabling a quicker recovery process. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current flood response emergency plans in Saudi Arabia, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, best practices, and most effective improvement suggestions. Despite extensive literature on flood hazard and risk assessments, few attempts have been made to develop practical emergency management frameworks. Addressing this gap, this work develops an evaluation framework for studying emergency planning of flood hazards in Saudi Arabia. The content and appropriateness of the data for emergency planning in flood response were the criteria for data analysis in this study. This study compares two popular approaches to disaster preparedness—the dominant approach and the community-based model—with a focus on their potential application in Saudi Arabia. Three case studies were utilized to examine these methods, including the 2009, 2011, and 2022 floods in Jeddah, the 2013 and 2018 floods in Al-Lith, and some flood events in Makkah city. The frequency, duration, and intensity of floods are expected to increase due to recent climate changes that have affected Saudi Arabia. The present research offers a valuable framework for preparing for flash flood emergencies. These identified shortcomings could drive policy enhancements, planning, and training.</p>

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Effective emergency planning strategies for enhancing flood response

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月26日

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  • Ahmed M. Youssef,
  • Bosy A. El‑Haddad,
  • Hariklia D. Skilodimou,
  • George D. Bathrellos,
  • Narges Kariminejad,
  • Hamid Reza Pourghasemi

摘要

In many regions of Saudi Arabia (SA), recurring flash flood events pose a significant threat to everyday life and property. The severity of these events is significantly influenced by Saudi Arabia’s topographical, geological, and meteorological features. The intersection of these events with human activities results in injuries, fatalities, and massive infrastructure damage. The lack of emergency preparedness increases the likelihood of flooding, affecting numerous cities annually. Accordingly, the critical question is: How can Saudi Arabia enhance its emergency management strategies to effectively respond to and recover from flash flood events? Incorporating emergency management strategies can improve readiness and response to flood events, enabling a quicker recovery process. This study provides a comprehensive review of the current flood response emergency plans in Saudi Arabia, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, best practices, and most effective improvement suggestions. Despite extensive literature on flood hazard and risk assessments, few attempts have been made to develop practical emergency management frameworks. Addressing this gap, this work develops an evaluation framework for studying emergency planning of flood hazards in Saudi Arabia. The content and appropriateness of the data for emergency planning in flood response were the criteria for data analysis in this study. This study compares two popular approaches to disaster preparedness—the dominant approach and the community-based model—with a focus on their potential application in Saudi Arabia. Three case studies were utilized to examine these methods, including the 2009, 2011, and 2022 floods in Jeddah, the 2013 and 2018 floods in Al-Lith, and some flood events in Makkah city. The frequency, duration, and intensity of floods are expected to increase due to recent climate changes that have affected Saudi Arabia. The present research offers a valuable framework for preparing for flash flood emergencies. These identified shortcomings could drive policy enhancements, planning, and training.