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Background <p>Chronic pain is a&#xa0;pervasive global health challenge with complex pathophysiology involving neuro-immune crosstalk and sustained neuroinflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal epigenetic regulators in this process.</p> Objectives <p>This narrative review aims to systematically elucidate the mechanistic roles of specific miRNAs in various chronic pain states and synthesize recent advances in miRNA-based therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.</p> Materials and methods <p>We conducted a&#xa0;comprehensive narrative review of the literature, synthesizing findings from preclinical and clinical studies published primarily between 2019 and 2025 that investigate the expression, targets, and functions of miRNAs in neuropathic, inflammatory, and cancer-induced pain models.</p> Results <p>Specific miRNAs are critically involved in chronic pain by regulating targets such as ion channels (e.g., Nav1.8, TRPV1), inflammatory mediators (e.g., HMGB1, TRAF6), and epigenetic enzymes (e.g., TET1, DNMT3a). These interactions modulate key processes including synaptic plasticity, central sensitization, and glial cell activation. Furthermore, novel strategies such as targeted nanodelivery systems for miRNA mimics/inhibitors and the utilization of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers show significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential.</p> Conclusions <p>miRNAs are central regulators of chronic pain pathogenesis. Targeting specific miRNAs holds promise for developing novel analgesics and diagnostic tools. However, challenges regarding targeted delivery, off-target effects, and clinical translation remain to be addressed for the successful application of miRNA-based medicine in pain management.</p>

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Research Advances on MicroRNAs in Chronic Pain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Xiang Wang,
  • Caixia Sun

摘要

Background

Chronic pain is a pervasive global health challenge with complex pathophysiology involving neuro-immune crosstalk and sustained neuroinflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal epigenetic regulators in this process.

Objectives

This narrative review aims to systematically elucidate the mechanistic roles of specific miRNAs in various chronic pain states and synthesize recent advances in miRNA-based therapeutic and diagnostic strategies.

Materials and methods

We conducted a comprehensive narrative review of the literature, synthesizing findings from preclinical and clinical studies published primarily between 2019 and 2025 that investigate the expression, targets, and functions of miRNAs in neuropathic, inflammatory, and cancer-induced pain models.

Results

Specific miRNAs are critically involved in chronic pain by regulating targets such as ion channels (e.g., Nav1.8, TRPV1), inflammatory mediators (e.g., HMGB1, TRAF6), and epigenetic enzymes (e.g., TET1, DNMT3a). These interactions modulate key processes including synaptic plasticity, central sensitization, and glial cell activation. Furthermore, novel strategies such as targeted nanodelivery systems for miRNA mimics/inhibitors and the utilization of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers show significant therapeutic and diagnostic potential.

Conclusions

miRNAs are central regulators of chronic pain pathogenesis. Targeting specific miRNAs holds promise for developing novel analgesics and diagnostic tools. However, challenges regarding targeted delivery, off-target effects, and clinical translation remain to be addressed for the successful application of miRNA-based medicine in pain management.