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<p>In this study, we examined the neurophysiological correlates of visual memory performance in individuals living in frontline regions of Ukraine, where prolonged exposure to environmental stress places a&#xa0;significant burden on adaptive processes. The aim of the study was to examine the features of the relationship between EEG power spectral density in the θ‑ and β‑bands and visual memory accuracy, as well as subgroup-specific patterns related to sex and levels of subjectively perceived stress under chronic stress conditions.</p><p>The sample comprised 80&#xa0;men and 80&#xa0;women with low to moderate perceived stress, as assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). EEG spectral power in the beta&#xa0;(β) and theta&#xa0;(θ) frequency bands was analyzed in relation to visual memory accuracy using linear regression models.</p><p>The results revealed sex-specific patterns in the topographic organization of EEG-performance relationships. Under low perceived stress, the associations were mostly positive, relatively stable, and confined to specific regions, with the models explaining a&#xa0;larger portion of the variance. Under moderate stress, the relationships became more heterogeneous, individual variability increased, and the models explained less variance.</p><p>In men, moderate stress was associated with a&#xa0;shift in frontal regions from positive to negative associations, while positive relationships became more prominent in parietal areas, forming a&#xa0;clear anterior-posterior gradient. In women, under moderate stress, θ-band associations became more prominent, while β-band associations showed redistribution, characterized by negative relationships in frontal regions and positive associations along the central-posterior midline.</p><p>Rather than reflecting a&#xa0;uniform increase or decrease in performance, these findings indicate that stress is associated with a&#xa0;reorganization of the spatial and functional structure of brain-behavior relationships. The results further suggest that the strength, direction, and stability of these associations may vary according to sex and perceived stress level.</p>

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Sex-specific patterns of β- and θ-band EEG correlates of visual memory under varying levels of perceived stress in a frontline population

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Anatolii Shkabara,
  • Galyna Ushakova,
  • Olena Severynovska

摘要

In this study, we examined the neurophysiological correlates of visual memory performance in individuals living in frontline regions of Ukraine, where prolonged exposure to environmental stress places a significant burden on adaptive processes. The aim of the study was to examine the features of the relationship between EEG power spectral density in the θ‑ and β‑bands and visual memory accuracy, as well as subgroup-specific patterns related to sex and levels of subjectively perceived stress under chronic stress conditions.

The sample comprised 80 men and 80 women with low to moderate perceived stress, as assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). EEG spectral power in the beta (β) and theta (θ) frequency bands was analyzed in relation to visual memory accuracy using linear regression models.

The results revealed sex-specific patterns in the topographic organization of EEG-performance relationships. Under low perceived stress, the associations were mostly positive, relatively stable, and confined to specific regions, with the models explaining a larger portion of the variance. Under moderate stress, the relationships became more heterogeneous, individual variability increased, and the models explained less variance.

In men, moderate stress was associated with a shift in frontal regions from positive to negative associations, while positive relationships became more prominent in parietal areas, forming a clear anterior-posterior gradient. In women, under moderate stress, θ-band associations became more prominent, while β-band associations showed redistribution, characterized by negative relationships in frontal regions and positive associations along the central-posterior midline.

Rather than reflecting a uniform increase or decrease in performance, these findings indicate that stress is associated with a reorganization of the spatial and functional structure of brain-behavior relationships. The results further suggest that the strength, direction, and stability of these associations may vary according to sex and perceived stress level.