Purpose <p>Caregivers of patients with brain tumors play an essential role in treatment and symptom relief; however, this responsibility often results in a substantial and prolonged burden, negatively impacting caregivers’ health and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of caregivers of patients with malignant brain tumors and identify factors influencing mental health outcomes.</p> Methods <p>We analyzed data from the National Survey on the Needs and Support of Brain Tumor Patients and Caregivers, conducted by the research group on the Needs and Support of Brain Tumor Patients and their Caregivers in 2023. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the National Cancer Center (approval No.: 2022 − 430). A total of 115 caregivers (36 male and 79 female) participated in the study. Depression risk was assessed using the Distress and Impact Thermometer.</p> Results <p>Fifty caregivers (43.4%) were classified into the suspected depression group. Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of depression after multivariate adjustment included “being tired of caring for others” and “being diagnosed with a brain tumor within 2 years.”</p> Conclusion <p>Caregivers of patients with brain tumors face considerable mental health challenges, with a notable proportion at risk of depression. Targeted interventions, particularly for those recently assuming caregiving roles and experiencing fatigue, are essential for improving their mental health and overall quality of life.</p>