<p>The historical period in which Rabelais lived can be described as Europe's Warring States period. The incessant Italian Wars spurred innovation in military technology, particularly in artillery. The widespread adoption of artillery not only reshaped the scale and form of warfare, but its dramatically increased destructive power also compelled a fundamental transformation in the art of war. Faced with this upheaval, humanists sought solutions in classical wisdom, giving rise to military humanism. Influenced by this intellectual movement, Rabelais focused on war and military matters, undertaking in-depth studies of classical tactics and strategies. His war narratives and related discussions of military strategy are firmly rooted in his own military experience and closely aligned with historical events. This study treats history as a broad intertext and employs a method of mutual corroboration between literature and history. With the "artillery revolution" as its central focus, it elucidates how Rabelais, through literary narrative, comprehensively presents the drivers, technical characteristics, and far-reaching impact of artillery technology innovation in the latter half of the 15th century, revealing contemporary perceptions of this military-technological revolution. This study aims to demonstrate that the value of <i>Gargantua</i>, <i>Pantagruel</i>, the <i>Tiers Livre</i>, the <i>Quart Livre</i>, a masterpiece of humanism, lies not only in its literary merit but also in its unique approach to historical record-keeping. Rabelais’s works provide a unique documentary reference for the study of the early modern French and Western European military-technical transformation, and the authenticity, systematic nature, and unique character of its military historical materials should be re-evaluated by the academic community.</p>