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<p>Long-lived species, such as the Brazil nut (<i>Bertholletia excelsa</i> Bonpl.), require extended periods for analysis and selection of genetically superior individuals. Early selection studies can accelerate breeding programs and optimize thinning strategies. The study evaluated a Brazil nut progeny test and identified the optimal ages for early selection of families and individuals. The test, consisted of 35 half-sib families established in a randomized block design with 20 replications and single-tree plots. Measurements over 21&#xa0;years included diameter at breast height (the selection target), total tree height, and volume. The genetic correlation for family selection between measurements at six and 21&#xa0;years of age was 0.97, and ranking coincidence was 0.80, indicating that out of every ten families selected at six years, eight would still be selected at 21&#xa0;years. For individual selection, correlation values higher than 0.72 with the maximum age were obtained for individuals selected from six years onward. The ranking coincidence of individual selection was 0.83, considering half of the individuals in the trial as part of the next breeding generation. Accuracy selection values above 0.70 for the growth traits were obtained from six years of age. Therefore, for Brazil nut family and individual selection, early selection can be applied after five years of age, due to high values of genetic correlation between six and 21&#xa0;years and accuracy of selection. Brazil nut genetic breeding programs and genetically oriented early thinning can be substantially enhanced, which represents time–cost reduction, and increased genetic gain per unit of time.</p>

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Age trends in Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. progeny test reveals high early selection efficiency and support genetically-oriented thinning management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Andrei Caíque Pires Nunes,
  • Samir Rolim,
  • Daniel Piotto

摘要

Long-lived species, such as the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.), require extended periods for analysis and selection of genetically superior individuals. Early selection studies can accelerate breeding programs and optimize thinning strategies. The study evaluated a Brazil nut progeny test and identified the optimal ages for early selection of families and individuals. The test, consisted of 35 half-sib families established in a randomized block design with 20 replications and single-tree plots. Measurements over 21 years included diameter at breast height (the selection target), total tree height, and volume. The genetic correlation for family selection between measurements at six and 21 years of age was 0.97, and ranking coincidence was 0.80, indicating that out of every ten families selected at six years, eight would still be selected at 21 years. For individual selection, correlation values higher than 0.72 with the maximum age were obtained for individuals selected from six years onward. The ranking coincidence of individual selection was 0.83, considering half of the individuals in the trial as part of the next breeding generation. Accuracy selection values above 0.70 for the growth traits were obtained from six years of age. Therefore, for Brazil nut family and individual selection, early selection can be applied after five years of age, due to high values of genetic correlation between six and 21 years and accuracy of selection. Brazil nut genetic breeding programs and genetically oriented early thinning can be substantially enhanced, which represents time–cost reduction, and increased genetic gain per unit of time.