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<p>Loblolly pine (<i>Pinus taeda</i> L.) plantations around the world are often located on acidic, highly weathered soils with low natural fertility, which limits nutrient availability and therefore the potential productivity of the pine. Fertilizer application is often necessary to meet nutrient requirements. However, it is not known which nutrients have the greatest effect on the growth, and physiology and biochemical activity of this species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrients that most affect the growth and physiological activity of a loblolly pine plantation in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in a loblolly pine plantation of 24 months–old submitted to the nutrient omission technique with seven treatments: control; fertilized (N, P and K); PK fertilized and N omission; NK fertilized and P omission; NP fertilized and K omission; NPK fertilized and addition of Ca and Mg; and NPK fertilized and micronutrients addition. The following parameters were assessed: height, diameter and stem volume; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, and pH in the soil; N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the needles; chlorophyll <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, total, carotenoids, qP, Y (II), Fv/Fm, ETRm; superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (SOD), H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and acid phosphatase activity. The low availability of nutrients, especially of P omission (–P), reduced the absorption and accumulation of P in the needles of loblolly pine, promoting an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Even with the increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD, there was an increase in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content and lipid peroxidation, indicating oxidative stress. This resulted in lower growth rates for height, diameter and stem volume in P omission treatment. In contrast, the fertilization of loblolly pine, especially NPK with Ca and Mg, increased the P, Ca and Mg soil concentrations, increasing in the needle K concentrations. As a result, the total chlorophyll concentration increased, improving the efficiency of the plant photosynthetic apparatus, with larger qP, Y (II), Fv/Fm, and ETRm, resulting in lower photochemical losses. As a result of the fertility management adopted, such as NPK with Ca and Mg, it promoted responses that increased the productivity of loblolly pine stem volume.</p>

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Nutrients that most affect the growth and physiological activity of a loblolly pine plantations in southern Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Matheus Severo de Souza Kulmann,
  • Marcos Gervasio Pereira,
  • Marcos Vinícius Miranda Aguilar,
  • Raíssa Schwalbert,
  • Luciane Almeri Tabaldi,
  • Mauro Valdir Schumacher

摘要

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations around the world are often located on acidic, highly weathered soils with low natural fertility, which limits nutrient availability and therefore the potential productivity of the pine. Fertilizer application is often necessary to meet nutrient requirements. However, it is not known which nutrients have the greatest effect on the growth, and physiology and biochemical activity of this species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrients that most affect the growth and physiological activity of a loblolly pine plantation in southern Brazil. The study was conducted in a loblolly pine plantation of 24 months–old submitted to the nutrient omission technique with seven treatments: control; fertilized (N, P and K); PK fertilized and N omission; NK fertilized and P omission; NP fertilized and K omission; NPK fertilized and addition of Ca and Mg; and NPK fertilized and micronutrients addition. The following parameters were assessed: height, diameter and stem volume; P, K, Ca, Mg, Al, and pH in the soil; N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn in the needles; chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, qP, Y (II), Fv/Fm, ETRm; superoxide dismutase enzyme activity (SOD), H2O2, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and acid phosphatase activity. The low availability of nutrients, especially of P omission (–P), reduced the absorption and accumulation of P in the needles of loblolly pine, promoting an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Even with the increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD, there was an increase in the H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation, indicating oxidative stress. This resulted in lower growth rates for height, diameter and stem volume in P omission treatment. In contrast, the fertilization of loblolly pine, especially NPK with Ca and Mg, increased the P, Ca and Mg soil concentrations, increasing in the needle K concentrations. As a result, the total chlorophyll concentration increased, improving the efficiency of the plant photosynthetic apparatus, with larger qP, Y (II), Fv/Fm, and ETRm, resulting in lower photochemical losses. As a result of the fertility management adopted, such as NPK with Ca and Mg, it promoted responses that increased the productivity of loblolly pine stem volume.