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<p>Moist chilling conditions in autumn and winter may relieve seed dormancy by regulating plant hormones concentrations upon transfer of seeds in a suitable germination environment, and this regulatory effect varies with different embryo tissues. However, few studies have focused on this point. Twenty plant hormones were detected in the embryo and hypocotyl + cotyledon of <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> seeds with two different levels of primary physiology dormancy both before and after 2 weeks of incubation under germination conditions. The transition from dormancy to germination in Korean pine seeds appears to be regulated by spatiotemporal variations in phytohormones, including <i>trans</i>-zeatin (<i>t</i>Z), <i>cis</i>-zeatin (<i>c</i>Z), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), <i>trans</i>-zeatin riboside (<i>t</i>ZR), <i>cis</i>-zeatin riboside (<i>c</i>ZR), 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA), (+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (<i>cis</i>-OPDA), jasmonic acid (JA), and (+)-7-<i>iso</i>-jasmonyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). ACC in the radicle may play a dominant role in dormancy release, while <i>cis</i>-OPDA in the hypocotyl and cotyledon, along with ABA, JA, and JA-Ile in the radicle, likely contribute to germination. CKs are critical for both processes: <i>t</i>Z, <i>c</i>Z, iPR, and <i>t</i>ZR in the radicle potentially modulate dormancy release, whereas iPR, <i>t</i>ZR, and <i>c</i>ZR in the radicle, combined with <i>t</i>Z and <i>c</i>Z in the hypocotyl + cotyledon, may promote successful germination. Compared to dormancy release, the potential crosstalk among cytokinins, ACC, ABA, brassinosteroids, and jasmonates, which occurs particularly in the radicle, regulates the seed germination process. This study provides comprehensive data that enhances our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying dormancy and germination in conifer seeds.</p>

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Temporal and Spatial shifts in hormonal profiles within the embryo of Pinus koraiensis seeds as they undergo primary physiological dormancy release and initiate germination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月15日

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  • X. H. Li,
  • Y. Song

摘要

Moist chilling conditions in autumn and winter may relieve seed dormancy by regulating plant hormones concentrations upon transfer of seeds in a suitable germination environment, and this regulatory effect varies with different embryo tissues. However, few studies have focused on this point. Twenty plant hormones were detected in the embryo and hypocotyl + cotyledon of Pinus koraiensis seeds with two different levels of primary physiology dormancy both before and after 2 weeks of incubation under germination conditions. The transition from dormancy to germination in Korean pine seeds appears to be regulated by spatiotemporal variations in phytohormones, including trans-zeatin (tZ), cis-zeatin (cZ), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), trans-zeatin riboside (tZR), cis-zeatin riboside (cZR), 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC), abscisic acid (ABA), (+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA), jasmonic acid (JA), and (+)-7-iso-jasmonyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile). ACC in the radicle may play a dominant role in dormancy release, while cis-OPDA in the hypocotyl and cotyledon, along with ABA, JA, and JA-Ile in the radicle, likely contribute to germination. CKs are critical for both processes: tZ, cZ, iPR, and tZR in the radicle potentially modulate dormancy release, whereas iPR, tZR, and cZR in the radicle, combined with tZ and cZ in the hypocotyl + cotyledon, may promote successful germination. Compared to dormancy release, the potential crosstalk among cytokinins, ACC, ABA, brassinosteroids, and jasmonates, which occurs particularly in the radicle, regulates the seed germination process. This study provides comprehensive data that enhances our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying dormancy and germination in conifer seeds.