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<p><i>Quercus variabilis</i>, a keystone cork oak species in East Asian forests, holds substantial ecological and economic value. However, its commercial utilization is constrained by prolonged juvenile growth phases, which could be mitigated through polyploidy enhancement. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a protocol to artificially induce polyploidization (2n) pollen in <i>Q. variabilis.</i> Colchicine injections and high-temperature treatments were applied to the floral buds to induce 2n pollen in <i>Q. variabilis.</i> Pollen ultrastructure and viability were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and standardized in vitro germination assays. This study systematically characterized the developmental characteristics of flower buds and the cytology of microsporogenesis in microspore mother cells of <i>Q. variabilis</i>, and compared the effects of different induction methods on pollen. The most effective condition for inducing 2n pollen (13.54%) was injecting a 0.5% colchicine solution seven times when microspore mother cells were entering the pachytene stage. The most effective condition for high-temperature induction of 2n pollen (29.63%) was exposing buds to six hours of 42&#xa0;°C high-temperature treatment when microspore mother cells were at the metaphase I stage. Comparatively, high-temperature treatment is more effective in inducing 2n pollen in <i>Q. variabilis</i>. This lays an important foundation for further triploid germplasm development in <i>Q. variabilis.</i> It also provides a new approach for inducing polyploidy of <i>Quercus</i> species.</p>

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An efficient method to induce polyploidization pollen in Chinese cork oak

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Rui Li,
  • Yang Shi,
  • Qinsong Yang,
  • Guolei Li

摘要

Quercus variabilis, a keystone cork oak species in East Asian forests, holds substantial ecological and economic value. However, its commercial utilization is constrained by prolonged juvenile growth phases, which could be mitigated through polyploidy enhancement. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a protocol to artificially induce polyploidization (2n) pollen in Q. variabilis. Colchicine injections and high-temperature treatments were applied to the floral buds to induce 2n pollen in Q. variabilis. Pollen ultrastructure and viability were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and standardized in vitro germination assays. This study systematically characterized the developmental characteristics of flower buds and the cytology of microsporogenesis in microspore mother cells of Q. variabilis, and compared the effects of different induction methods on pollen. The most effective condition for inducing 2n pollen (13.54%) was injecting a 0.5% colchicine solution seven times when microspore mother cells were entering the pachytene stage. The most effective condition for high-temperature induction of 2n pollen (29.63%) was exposing buds to six hours of 42 °C high-temperature treatment when microspore mother cells were at the metaphase I stage. Comparatively, high-temperature treatment is more effective in inducing 2n pollen in Q. variabilis. This lays an important foundation for further triploid germplasm development in Q. variabilis. It also provides a new approach for inducing polyploidy of Quercus species.