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<p><b>Objective. </b>To evaluate relationships between the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (an inflammation marker), cortisol (a marker for functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, a key neurotrophic factor) in the acute and late (after one month) periods of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the characteristics of the injury, as well as with neurological and mental disorders. <b>Materials and methods.</b> Data from a longitudinal prospective cohort study were analyzed. <b>Results.</b> The dynamics of changes in the levels of IL-6, cortisol, and BDNF within the first month after injury were demonstrated: IL-6 and cortisol levels decreased, while the BDNF level increased, reflecting the mechanisms of primary damage and secondary recovery processes. In the acute period, IL-6, cortisol, and BDNF levels depended on the severity of the patient’s condition: low BDNF and high IL-6 and cortisol levels were associated with more severe injury assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale. An association of these markers with the presence of amnesia and pathological changes in the EEG in the acute period of TBI was demonstrated. <b>Conclusions.</b> IL-6, cortisol, and BDNF are important pathophysiological markers of TBI, associated with both the immediate characteristics of TBI and its complications.</p>

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Interleukin-6, Cortisol, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as Biomarkers of the Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Complications in the Acute and Long-Term Periods: Results of a Prospective Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • S. I. Balan,
  • A. A. Belikova,
  • I. G. Komoltsev,
  • A. V. Timokhova,
  • T. A. Druzhkova,
  • A. E. Talypov,
  • A. B. Guekht,
  • N. V. Gulyaeva

摘要

Objective. To evaluate relationships between the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (an inflammation marker), cortisol (a marker for functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, a key neurotrophic factor) in the acute and late (after one month) periods of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the characteristics of the injury, as well as with neurological and mental disorders. Materials and methods. Data from a longitudinal prospective cohort study were analyzed. Results. The dynamics of changes in the levels of IL-6, cortisol, and BDNF within the first month after injury were demonstrated: IL-6 and cortisol levels decreased, while the BDNF level increased, reflecting the mechanisms of primary damage and secondary recovery processes. In the acute period, IL-6, cortisol, and BDNF levels depended on the severity of the patient’s condition: low BDNF and high IL-6 and cortisol levels were associated with more severe injury assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale. An association of these markers with the presence of amnesia and pathological changes in the EEG in the acute period of TBI was demonstrated. Conclusions. IL-6, cortisol, and BDNF are important pathophysiological markers of TBI, associated with both the immediate characteristics of TBI and its complications.