<p>Hyperacusis – increased sensitivity to environmental sounds – is a debilitating disorder that signifi cantly impairs quality of life and can lead to social isolation and depression. Hyperacusis has received less study than hypoacusis. Its prevalence and the risk factors for its development are unknown. Hyperacusis lacks objective markers, classification, diagnostic and treatment algorithms, and protocols. Even the definition of the term “hyperacusis” is controversial. It is therefore difficult to identify the causes of this condition, to carry out the clinical management of patients, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment methods. Analysis of published data allowed us to compile a classification of hyperacusis, which should expedite and simplify history-taking and the search for causes. Given the ambiguity of the pathogenetic mechanisms, it seems appropriate to define the type of hyperacusis, its cause, and its combination with other hearing disorders.</p>