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<p>Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently one of the commonest motor neurological disorders. The clinical picture of PD includes both motor symptoms (hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, and tremor) and non-motor manifestations (asthenia, depression, hyposmia), as well as cognitive disorders. Accumulation of pathological α-synuclein is regarded as the primary link in the pathogenesis of PD; however, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial failure, and dysregulation of the brain–gut–microbiome axis also contribute to pathological processes. This review of the current medical literature examines the latest research on the significance of gastrointestinal changes in PD. The analysis revealed the involvement of the microbiome and particular taxonomic groups of bacteria in the development of PD. Moreover, the latest data indicate that α-synuclein accumulation occurs first in the intestinal nerve plexuses and then spreads neurally to the structures of the central nervous system, affecting the substantia nigra in particular.</p>

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The Brain–Gut–Microbiome Axis in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • N. G. Zhukova,
  • Z. F. Sayfitdinkhuzhaev,
  • G. M. Israilova,
  • O. Ya. Bustonov,
  • N. A. Nasriddinova,
  • O. V. Gaponova,
  • I. A. Zhukova,
  • A. Ya. Masenko

摘要

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently one of the commonest motor neurological disorders. The clinical picture of PD includes both motor symptoms (hypokinesia, muscle rigidity, and tremor) and non-motor manifestations (asthenia, depression, hyposmia), as well as cognitive disorders. Accumulation of pathological α-synuclein is regarded as the primary link in the pathogenesis of PD; however, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial failure, and dysregulation of the brain–gut–microbiome axis also contribute to pathological processes. This review of the current medical literature examines the latest research on the significance of gastrointestinal changes in PD. The analysis revealed the involvement of the microbiome and particular taxonomic groups of bacteria in the development of PD. Moreover, the latest data indicate that α-synuclein accumulation occurs first in the intestinal nerve plexuses and then spreads neurally to the structures of the central nervous system, affecting the substantia nigra in particular.