<p>Healthy sleep is essential for the proper growth and development of children. Assessment of sleep quality requires a focus on changes in sleep norms depending on age. Insomnia in children has a number of features as compared with the condition in adults. Clinical variants of acute and chronic insomnia are associated with stress, childhood somatic pathology, and hyperactivation of the CNS. Children with concomitant psychoneurological pathology are prone to severe insomnia. The presence of negative associations with falling asleep in the first year of life contributes to the development of insomnia in young children. In adolescents, insomnia is associated with poor sleep hygiene or is psychophysiological in nature. The treatment of insomnia in children includes normalization of sleep hygiene and the use of behavioral therapy methods, while prescription of pharmaceutical drugs has age restrictions. The safety profiles of drugs play a fundamental role in the drug therapy of childhood insomnia.</p>