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<p><b>Objective.</b> To study cytokine status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). <b>Materials and methods.</b> The study group of patients with confirmed diagnoses of AD included 23 patients (six men, 17 women, average age 69 [66.2; 77.5] years). Data from 163 presumptively healthy individuals (archive data from the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia) were used as a control group. Multiplex enzyme immunoassay (xMAP technology) was performed on a FlexMap 3D multiplex flow fluorometer. Samples were analyzed for cytokines: epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), eotaxin, transforming growth factor (TGF-α), granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF), Flt-3L, fractalkine, interferons IFN-α2 and IFN-γ, GRO, interleukins IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-1RA, IL-1α, IL-9, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IP-10, sCD40L, monocyte chemoattractant proteins MCP 3 and MCP-1, macrophage chemokine (MDC), macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP-1a and MIP-1b, tumor necrosis factors TNF-α and TNF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). <b>Results.</b> Median concentrations of cytokines FGF-2, eotaxin, G-CSF, Flt-3L, GM-CSF, fractalkine, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, MCP-3, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-8, and TNF-α in the AD group were higher (more than double) than those in the control group. At the same time, median concentrations of the cytokines eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Flt-3L, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the AD group exceeded the 90th percentile in the control group. <b>Conclusions.</b> The data reported here identify significant changes in cytokine status in AD, which affect both an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of neuroprotective mechanisms.</p>

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Cytokine Status of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • V. V. Belousov,
  • A. N. Bogolepova,
  • E. A. Katunina,
  • N. V. Bulanova,
  • V. E. Mukhin,
  • S. M. Yudin

摘要

Objective. To study cytokine status in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Materials and methods. The study group of patients with confirmed diagnoses of AD included 23 patients (six men, 17 women, average age 69 [66.2; 77.5] years). Data from 163 presumptively healthy individuals (archive data from the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia) were used as a control group. Multiplex enzyme immunoassay (xMAP technology) was performed on a FlexMap 3D multiplex flow fluorometer. Samples were analyzed for cytokines: epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), eotaxin, transforming growth factor (TGF-α), granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF), Flt-3L, fractalkine, interferons IFN-α2 and IFN-γ, GRO, interleukins IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-1RA, IL-1α, IL-9, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IP-10, sCD40L, monocyte chemoattractant proteins MCP 3 and MCP-1, macrophage chemokine (MDC), macrophage inflammatory proteins MIP-1a and MIP-1b, tumor necrosis factors TNF-α and TNF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results. Median concentrations of cytokines FGF-2, eotaxin, G-CSF, Flt-3L, GM-CSF, fractalkine, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, MCP-3, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-8, and TNF-α in the AD group were higher (more than double) than those in the control group. At the same time, median concentrations of the cytokines eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, Flt-3L, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in the AD group exceeded the 90th percentile in the control group. Conclusions. The data reported here identify significant changes in cytokine status in AD, which affect both an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of neuroprotective mechanisms.