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<p><b>Objectives.</b> To study the ultrastructure of microglia and neurons in contact with each other in the caudate nucleus in continuous (CS) and paroxysmal-progressive (PPS) schizophrenia as compared with controls and to analyze correlations between microglial and neuronal parameters in controls and schizophrenia. <b>Materials and methods.</b> Electron microscopic morphometric studies of microglia and neurons in contact with each other in the head of the caudate nucleus were performed using autopsy material in nine cases of CS, 10 cases of PPS, and 20 controls without mental pathology. Groups were compared by covariance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. <b>Results</b>. The PPS group showed greater numerical density of microglia in young (≤50 years) patients than in elderly (&gt;50 years) controls, along with greater area of endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles in microglia in young patients than in young controls. The numerical density of microglia was lower in the CS group than in the PPS group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while the volume fraction (Vv) and number of lipofuscin granules in microglia were greater in elderly patients than in young and elderly controls. The CS group showed negative correlations between the numerical density of microglia, microglial nucleus area, and disease duration (<i>r</i> = −0.72, <i>p</i> = 0.03; <i>r</i> = −0.8; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Both groups of patients showed lower Vv and smaller numbers of mitochondria in microglia, along with greater neuron area and perimeter, than the control group. Greater neuron area in the PPS group and mitochondrial area in the CS group were found as compared with the control group. Failures of correlations were found between mitochondrial parameters in microglia and neurons in the PPS and CS groups and between mitochondrial area in neurons and vacuole area in microglia in the CS group compared to the control group. <b>Conclusions</b>. Disturbances in interactions between microglia and neurons in the caudate nucleus were associated with the types of progression of schizophrenia and microglial reactivity. These disturbances may result from damage to energy metabolism in microglia in both types of progression of schizophrenia and stress to the microglial endoplasmic reticulum in CS.</p>

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Microglial-Neuronal Interactions in the Caudate Nucleus in Schizophrenia with Different Courses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月1日

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  • O. V. Vikhreva,
  • V. I. Rakhmanova,
  • N. A. Uranova

摘要

Objectives. To study the ultrastructure of microglia and neurons in contact with each other in the caudate nucleus in continuous (CS) and paroxysmal-progressive (PPS) schizophrenia as compared with controls and to analyze correlations between microglial and neuronal parameters in controls and schizophrenia. Materials and methods. Electron microscopic morphometric studies of microglia and neurons in contact with each other in the head of the caudate nucleus were performed using autopsy material in nine cases of CS, 10 cases of PPS, and 20 controls without mental pathology. Groups were compared by covariance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. Results. The PPS group showed greater numerical density of microglia in young (≤50 years) patients than in elderly (>50 years) controls, along with greater area of endoplasmic reticulum vacuoles in microglia in young patients than in young controls. The numerical density of microglia was lower in the CS group than in the PPS group (p < 0.05), while the volume fraction (Vv) and number of lipofuscin granules in microglia were greater in elderly patients than in young and elderly controls. The CS group showed negative correlations between the numerical density of microglia, microglial nucleus area, and disease duration (r = −0.72, p = 0.03; r = −0.8; p = 0.01). Both groups of patients showed lower Vv and smaller numbers of mitochondria in microglia, along with greater neuron area and perimeter, than the control group. Greater neuron area in the PPS group and mitochondrial area in the CS group were found as compared with the control group. Failures of correlations were found between mitochondrial parameters in microglia and neurons in the PPS and CS groups and between mitochondrial area in neurons and vacuole area in microglia in the CS group compared to the control group. Conclusions. Disturbances in interactions between microglia and neurons in the caudate nucleus were associated with the types of progression of schizophrenia and microglial reactivity. These disturbances may result from damage to energy metabolism in microglia in both types of progression of schizophrenia and stress to the microglial endoplasmic reticulum in CS.