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<p>As coal mining operations continue to expand, the issue of heavy metal pollution has become increasingly prominent in regions with concentrated coal mining activities. This study utilized a variety of methodologies to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the environmental media of the study area. It also employed multiple models to analyze the sources of contamination. Additionally, the study assessed human health risks using Monte Carlo stochastic simulations and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in surface water, groundwater, and soil was 0.04–40&#xa0;μg/L, 0.04–180&#xa0;μg/L, and 0.01–112&#xa0;mg/kg, respectively. All three environmental media were polluted with heavy metals, with soil being the most severely affected. The ecological risk index for Hg and Cd exceeded 100. The probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) model and absolute principal components scores - multiple linear regression model comprehensively revealed that the main sources of heavy metal pollution were the combined effects of waste accumulation from coal mining, coal burning, and transportation activities. Additionally, the PMF model demonstrated better traceability for heavy metals with effective segregation. Moreover, the Monte Carlo simulation fully considered the time variability and uncertainty of the evaluation parameters, revealing non-carcinogenic risks in surface and groundwater. Among these risks, As was identified as the main influencing factors, while soil media did not pose any non-carcinogenic risks. It was also confirmed that children were more susceptible to the health risks associated with heavy metals compared to adults.</p>

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Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics, Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Environmental Media in Concentrated Coal Mining Areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Wenju Cheng,
  • Huiyong Yin,
  • Chang Lu,
  • Fangying Dong,
  • Yongjie Li,
  • Biao Li

摘要

As coal mining operations continue to expand, the issue of heavy metal pollution has become increasingly prominent in regions with concentrated coal mining activities. This study utilized a variety of methodologies to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the environmental media of the study area. It also employed multiple models to analyze the sources of contamination. Additionally, the study assessed human health risks using Monte Carlo stochastic simulations and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in surface water, groundwater, and soil was 0.04–40 μg/L, 0.04–180 μg/L, and 0.01–112 mg/kg, respectively. All three environmental media were polluted with heavy metals, with soil being the most severely affected. The ecological risk index for Hg and Cd exceeded 100. The probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) model and absolute principal components scores - multiple linear regression model comprehensively revealed that the main sources of heavy metal pollution were the combined effects of waste accumulation from coal mining, coal burning, and transportation activities. Additionally, the PMF model demonstrated better traceability for heavy metals with effective segregation. Moreover, the Monte Carlo simulation fully considered the time variability and uncertainty of the evaluation parameters, revealing non-carcinogenic risks in surface and groundwater. Among these risks, As was identified as the main influencing factors, while soil media did not pose any non-carcinogenic risks. It was also confirmed that children were more susceptible to the health risks associated with heavy metals compared to adults.