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<p>Cobalt is a rare strategic or critical metal, and the demand for it is sharply increasing these years. The Zhuchong skarn-type deposit, situated in eastern China, is a large Co-rich Fe deposit with over 50 million tons of iron ore (50.1%) and 10 thousand tons of associated Co. Previous studies indicated that temperature performs as a key ore-controlling factor during the formation of Co-rich pyrite. This study established a two-dimensional simplified geological model to simulate the formation of Co-rich pyrite within the Zhuchong deposit, and analyzed the detailed thermal process and chemical reactions quantitatively and continuously. The results of temperature and chemical reactions verified that the formation of Co-rich pyrite was controlled by temperature, matching the results of previous studies and supporting that the mathematical model presented in this study is reliable. Besides, the movement of cooling fronts, controlled by the morphologies of intrusion surfaces, can lead to different degrees of Co mineralization in different parts of the model, causing the strip-shaped distribution of Co-rich pyrite. On top of that, it took merely 4000&#xa0;years for the wallrocks to experience a single phase of “heating and cooling,” indicating that the duration of a single-phase ore formation process within a magmatic-hydrothermal system could possibly be within 10,000&#xa0;years or even thousands of years.</p>

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Cooling Front Controls on Co Mineralization within Skarn-Type Co-Rich Fe Deposits: A Numerical Modeling Case Study of the Zhuchong Deposit, Anhui Province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月20日

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  • Xunyu Hu,
  • Xian Liang,
  • Fangyue Wang,
  • Ye Qiu,
  • Guangxian Liu,
  • Yue Li,
  • Yi Chang,
  • Jie Zhou,
  • Guoyu Zhou

摘要

Cobalt is a rare strategic or critical metal, and the demand for it is sharply increasing these years. The Zhuchong skarn-type deposit, situated in eastern China, is a large Co-rich Fe deposit with over 50 million tons of iron ore (50.1%) and 10 thousand tons of associated Co. Previous studies indicated that temperature performs as a key ore-controlling factor during the formation of Co-rich pyrite. This study established a two-dimensional simplified geological model to simulate the formation of Co-rich pyrite within the Zhuchong deposit, and analyzed the detailed thermal process and chemical reactions quantitatively and continuously. The results of temperature and chemical reactions verified that the formation of Co-rich pyrite was controlled by temperature, matching the results of previous studies and supporting that the mathematical model presented in this study is reliable. Besides, the movement of cooling fronts, controlled by the morphologies of intrusion surfaces, can lead to different degrees of Co mineralization in different parts of the model, causing the strip-shaped distribution of Co-rich pyrite. On top of that, it took merely 4000 years for the wallrocks to experience a single phase of “heating and cooling,” indicating that the duration of a single-phase ore formation process within a magmatic-hydrothermal system could possibly be within 10,000 years or even thousands of years.